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Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs
The effects of route of administration on systemic and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in suckling pigs were investigated. Twenty-four conventional 5-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally, i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30593385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.019 |
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author | Zhou, Yingshan Chen, Cong Chen, Yunlu Liu, Ziqi Zheng, Jingyou Wang, Tingjun Luo, Hao Liu, Yajie Shan, Ying Fang, Weihuan Li, Xiaoliang |
author_facet | Zhou, Yingshan Chen, Cong Chen, Yunlu Liu, Ziqi Zheng, Jingyou Wang, Tingjun Luo, Hao Liu, Yajie Shan, Ying Fang, Weihuan Li, Xiaoliang |
author_sort | Zhou, Yingshan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The effects of route of administration on systemic and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in suckling pigs were investigated. Twenty-four conventional 5-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally, intranasally (I.N.), intramuscularly (I.M.) with PEDV or DMEM (mock). Pigs were monitored daily for clinical signs and fecal viral load. Blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 days post infection (dpi) and subjected for the analyses of serum antibody production, T cell and natural killer (NK) cell frequencies, NK cytotoxicity and serum cytokine levels. Oral inoculation led to higher levels of PEDV-specific IgA antibodies in both serum and gut mucosal sites than did other routes of inoculation. Intranasal inoculation elicited significantly higher titers of virus-specific IgG antibodies in serum. PEDV-infected pigs regardless of inoculation routes had significantly lower NK cell frequencies than those of the control pigs at 14 dpi. The orally inoculated pigs had significantly higher CD3+CD8+ T cell frequencies as compared to I.N. or I.M. inoculated pigs at 14 dpi, while there was no significant difference among orally, I.N. or I.M. inoculated pigs and control pigs in CD3+CD4+ T cell frequencies in peripheral blood. PEDV-infected and control pigs had low, but detectable NK cell activities at 14 and 21 dpi, however, NK cell activities were barely detectable at 7 dpi whether the pigs were infected or not. Serum IL-10 levels were induced drastically in orally infected pigs at 7 dpi and then gradually declined. Serum IL-12 levels followed a similar pattern while the fold-change was much lower. In conclusion, oral inoculation may generate more comprehensive immune responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7173071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71730712020-04-22 Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs Zhou, Yingshan Chen, Cong Chen, Yunlu Liu, Ziqi Zheng, Jingyou Wang, Tingjun Luo, Hao Liu, Yajie Shan, Ying Fang, Weihuan Li, Xiaoliang Vet Microbiol Article The effects of route of administration on systemic and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in suckling pigs were investigated. Twenty-four conventional 5-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally, intranasally (I.N.), intramuscularly (I.M.) with PEDV or DMEM (mock). Pigs were monitored daily for clinical signs and fecal viral load. Blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 days post infection (dpi) and subjected for the analyses of serum antibody production, T cell and natural killer (NK) cell frequencies, NK cytotoxicity and serum cytokine levels. Oral inoculation led to higher levels of PEDV-specific IgA antibodies in both serum and gut mucosal sites than did other routes of inoculation. Intranasal inoculation elicited significantly higher titers of virus-specific IgG antibodies in serum. PEDV-infected pigs regardless of inoculation routes had significantly lower NK cell frequencies than those of the control pigs at 14 dpi. The orally inoculated pigs had significantly higher CD3+CD8+ T cell frequencies as compared to I.N. or I.M. inoculated pigs at 14 dpi, while there was no significant difference among orally, I.N. or I.M. inoculated pigs and control pigs in CD3+CD4+ T cell frequencies in peripheral blood. PEDV-infected and control pigs had low, but detectable NK cell activities at 14 and 21 dpi, however, NK cell activities were barely detectable at 7 dpi whether the pigs were infected or not. Serum IL-10 levels were induced drastically in orally infected pigs at 7 dpi and then gradually declined. Serum IL-12 levels followed a similar pattern while the fold-change was much lower. In conclusion, oral inoculation may generate more comprehensive immune responses. Elsevier B.V. 2019-01 2018-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7173071/ /pubmed/30593385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.019 Text en © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Zhou, Yingshan Chen, Cong Chen, Yunlu Liu, Ziqi Zheng, Jingyou Wang, Tingjun Luo, Hao Liu, Yajie Shan, Ying Fang, Weihuan Li, Xiaoliang Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title | Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title_full | Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title_fullStr | Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title_short | Effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
title_sort | effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30593385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.019 |
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