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Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanosized particles released by a large variety of cells. They carry molecules such as proteins, RNA and lipids. While urinary EVs have been longer studied as a source of biomarkers for renal and non-renal disorders, research on EVs as regulatory players of renal phys...

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Autores principales: Rigalli, Juan Pablo, Barros, Eric Raul, Sommers, Vera, Bindels, René J. M., Hoenderop, Joost G. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174565/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351960
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00244
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author Rigalli, Juan Pablo
Barros, Eric Raul
Sommers, Vera
Bindels, René J. M.
Hoenderop, Joost G. J.
author_facet Rigalli, Juan Pablo
Barros, Eric Raul
Sommers, Vera
Bindels, René J. M.
Hoenderop, Joost G. J.
author_sort Rigalli, Juan Pablo
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanosized particles released by a large variety of cells. They carry molecules such as proteins, RNA and lipids. While urinary EVs have been longer studied as a source of biomarkers for renal and non-renal disorders, research on EVs as regulatory players of renal physiological and pathological processes has experienced an outbreak recently in the past decade. In general, the microenvironment and (patho)physiological state of the donor cells affect the cargo of the EVs released, which then determines the effect of these EVs once they reach a target cell. For instance, EVs released by renal epithelial cells modulate the expression and function of water and solute transporting proteins in other cells. Also, EVs have been demonstrated to regulate renal organogenesis and blood flow. Furthermore, a dual role of EVs promoting, but also counteracting, disease has also been reported. EVs released by renal tubular cells can reach fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, T cells and natural killer cells, thus influencing the pathogenesis and progression of renal disorders like acute kidney injury and fibrosis, nephrolithiasis, renal transplant rejection and renal cancer, among others. On the contrary, EVs may also exert a cytoprotective role upon renal damage and promote recovery of renal function. In the current review, a systematic summary of the key studies from the past 5 years addressing the role of EVs in the modulation of renal physiological and pathophysiological processes is provided, highlighting open questions and discussing the potential of future research.
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spelling pubmed-71745652020-04-29 Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes Rigalli, Juan Pablo Barros, Eric Raul Sommers, Vera Bindels, René J. M. Hoenderop, Joost G. J. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanosized particles released by a large variety of cells. They carry molecules such as proteins, RNA and lipids. While urinary EVs have been longer studied as a source of biomarkers for renal and non-renal disorders, research on EVs as regulatory players of renal physiological and pathological processes has experienced an outbreak recently in the past decade. In general, the microenvironment and (patho)physiological state of the donor cells affect the cargo of the EVs released, which then determines the effect of these EVs once they reach a target cell. For instance, EVs released by renal epithelial cells modulate the expression and function of water and solute transporting proteins in other cells. Also, EVs have been demonstrated to regulate renal organogenesis and blood flow. Furthermore, a dual role of EVs promoting, but also counteracting, disease has also been reported. EVs released by renal tubular cells can reach fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, T cells and natural killer cells, thus influencing the pathogenesis and progression of renal disorders like acute kidney injury and fibrosis, nephrolithiasis, renal transplant rejection and renal cancer, among others. On the contrary, EVs may also exert a cytoprotective role upon renal damage and promote recovery of renal function. In the current review, a systematic summary of the key studies from the past 5 years addressing the role of EVs in the modulation of renal physiological and pathophysiological processes is provided, highlighting open questions and discussing the potential of future research. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7174565/ /pubmed/32351960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00244 Text en Copyright © 2020 Rigalli, Barros, Sommers, Bindels and Hoenderop. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Rigalli, Juan Pablo
Barros, Eric Raul
Sommers, Vera
Bindels, René J. M.
Hoenderop, Joost G. J.
Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title_full Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title_fullStr Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title_full_unstemmed Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title_short Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Renal Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes
title_sort novel aspects of extracellular vesicles in the regulation of renal physiological and pathophysiological processes
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174565/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351960
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00244
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