Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Glioma

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members are part of the major pathogen-recognition system for innate immunity. TLR10, the only remaining orphan receptor with an unknown ligand, has been poorly studied in tumors, and its functional and clinical relevance are unclear. MATERIAL/METHODS: We analyzed TLR10 expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by established computational approaches (UALCAN, GEPIA, CGGA, and TIMER) and confirmed them by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis showed that TLR10 was most highly expressed in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBC), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. A data-mining study also revealed that TLR10 levels were positively correlated with WHO grade in glioma, and patients with high TLR10 levels showed shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) times than patients with low TLR10 levels. TISIDB and TIMER data showed that TLR10 expression was significantly positively correlated with immune infiltrates, especially infiltrating levels of B cells. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that TLR10 expression was a potential biomarker for distinguishing CNS-DLBC (also known as primary central nervous system lymphoma, PCNSL) from GBM. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that TLR10 could serve as a promising theranostic target for patients with glioma and is a potential biomarker for distinguishing PCNSL from GBM.