Cargando…
Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng
Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are the main class of active constituents of ginseng. The anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts were proven with purified ginsenoside...
Autor principal: | |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183094 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030444 |
_version_ | 1783524819983138816 |
---|---|
author | Im, Dong-Soon |
author_facet | Im, Dong-Soon |
author_sort | Im, Dong-Soon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are the main class of active constituents of ginseng. The anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts were proven with purified ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and Rh2, as well as compound K. The negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and enzyme expressions (iNOS and COX-2) was found as the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenosides in M1-polarized macrophages and microglia. Recently, another action mechanism emerged explaining the anti-inflammatory effect of ginseng. This is a pro-resolution of inflammation derived by M2-polarized macrophages. Direct and indirect evidence supports how several ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg3, Rb1, and Rg1) induce the M2 polarization of macrophages and microglia, and how these M2-polarized cells contribute to the suppression of inflammation progression and promotion of inflammation resolution. In this review, the new action mechanism of ginseng anti-inflammation is summarized. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7175368 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71753682020-04-28 Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng Im, Dong-Soon Biomolecules Review Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are the main class of active constituents of ginseng. The anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts were proven with purified ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and Rh2, as well as compound K. The negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and enzyme expressions (iNOS and COX-2) was found as the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenosides in M1-polarized macrophages and microglia. Recently, another action mechanism emerged explaining the anti-inflammatory effect of ginseng. This is a pro-resolution of inflammation derived by M2-polarized macrophages. Direct and indirect evidence supports how several ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg3, Rb1, and Rg1) induce the M2 polarization of macrophages and microglia, and how these M2-polarized cells contribute to the suppression of inflammation progression and promotion of inflammation resolution. In this review, the new action mechanism of ginseng anti-inflammation is summarized. MDPI 2020-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7175368/ /pubmed/32183094 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030444 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Im, Dong-Soon Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title | Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title_full | Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title_fullStr | Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title_full_unstemmed | Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title_short | Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng |
title_sort | pro-resolving effect of ginsenosides as an anti-inflammatory mechanism of panax ginseng |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183094 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030444 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT imdongsoon proresolvingeffectofginsenosidesasanantiinflammatorymechanismofpanaxginseng |