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Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of M...

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Autores principales: Shi, Yujie, Zou, Yixin, Shen, Ziyue, Xiong, Yonghong, Zhang, Wenxiang, Liu, Chang, Chen, Siyu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072612
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author Shi, Yujie
Zou, Yixin
Shen, Ziyue
Xiong, Yonghong
Zhang, Wenxiang
Liu, Chang
Chen, Siyu
author_facet Shi, Yujie
Zou, Yixin
Shen, Ziyue
Xiong, Yonghong
Zhang, Wenxiang
Liu, Chang
Chen, Siyu
author_sort Shi, Yujie
collection PubMed
description Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs’ expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs’ actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS.
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spelling pubmed-71777112020-04-28 Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome Shi, Yujie Zou, Yixin Shen, Ziyue Xiong, Yonghong Zhang, Wenxiang Liu, Chang Chen, Siyu Int J Mol Sci Review Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs’ expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs’ actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS. MDPI 2020-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7177711/ /pubmed/32283758 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072612 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shi, Yujie
Zou, Yixin
Shen, Ziyue
Xiong, Yonghong
Zhang, Wenxiang
Liu, Chang
Chen, Siyu
Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title_full Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title_fullStr Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title_short Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome
title_sort trace elements, ppars, and metabolic syndrome
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072612
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