Isothermal Coal-Based Reduction Kinetics of Fayalite in Copper Slag

[Image: see text] The coal-based reduction of fayalite was characterized using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential TG methods with reduction temperatures from 1123 to 1273 K. The results of fayalite isothermal reduction indicate that the reduction process is divided two stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy E was gained using the isoconversional and model-fitting methods. At the first stage, the effect of temperature on the reduction degree was not clear, and the phase boundary chemical reaction was the controlling step, with an apparent activation energy E value of 175.32–202.37 kJ·mol(–1). At the second stage, when the temperature was more than 1123 K, the conversion degree and the reaction rate increased nonlinearly with increasing temperature, and two-dimensional diffusion, three-dimensional diffusion, one-dimensional diffusion, and phase boundary-controlled reaction were the controlling stages, with an apparent activation energy E ranging from 194.81 to 248.96 kJ·mol(–1). For the whole reduction process, the average activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A were 185.07–225.67 kJ·mol(–1) and 0.796–0.797 min(–1), respectively.