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Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck

Structural and chemical deterioration and its impact on cell wall mechanics were investigated for visually intact cell walls (VICWs) in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW). Cell wall mechanical properties were examined by nanoindentation without prior embedding. WAW showed more than 25% decrease o...

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Autores principales: Han, Liuyang, Tian, Xingling, Keplinger, Tobias, Zhou, Haibin, Li, Ren, Svedström, Kirsi, Burgert, Ingo, Yin, Yafang, Guo, Juan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7179126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051113
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author Han, Liuyang
Tian, Xingling
Keplinger, Tobias
Zhou, Haibin
Li, Ren
Svedström, Kirsi
Burgert, Ingo
Yin, Yafang
Guo, Juan
author_facet Han, Liuyang
Tian, Xingling
Keplinger, Tobias
Zhou, Haibin
Li, Ren
Svedström, Kirsi
Burgert, Ingo
Yin, Yafang
Guo, Juan
author_sort Han, Liuyang
collection PubMed
description Structural and chemical deterioration and its impact on cell wall mechanics were investigated for visually intact cell walls (VICWs) in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW). Cell wall mechanical properties were examined by nanoindentation without prior embedding. WAW showed more than 25% decrease of both hardness and elastic modulus. Changes of cell wall composition, cellulose crystallite structure and porosity were investigated by ATR-FTIR imaging, Raman imaging, wet chemistry, (13)C-solid state NMR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, wide angle X-ray scattering, and N(2) nitrogen adsorption. VICWs in WAW possessed a cleavage of carboxyl in side chains of xylan, a serious loss of polysaccharides, and a partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks in lignin. This was accompanied by a higher amount of mesopores in cell walls. Even VICWs in WAW were severely deteriorated at the nanoscale with impact on mechanics, which has strong implications for the conservation of archaeological shipwrecks.
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spelling pubmed-71791262020-04-28 Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck Han, Liuyang Tian, Xingling Keplinger, Tobias Zhou, Haibin Li, Ren Svedström, Kirsi Burgert, Ingo Yin, Yafang Guo, Juan Molecules Article Structural and chemical deterioration and its impact on cell wall mechanics were investigated for visually intact cell walls (VICWs) in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW). Cell wall mechanical properties were examined by nanoindentation without prior embedding. WAW showed more than 25% decrease of both hardness and elastic modulus. Changes of cell wall composition, cellulose crystallite structure and porosity were investigated by ATR-FTIR imaging, Raman imaging, wet chemistry, (13)C-solid state NMR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, wide angle X-ray scattering, and N(2) nitrogen adsorption. VICWs in WAW possessed a cleavage of carboxyl in side chains of xylan, a serious loss of polysaccharides, and a partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks in lignin. This was accompanied by a higher amount of mesopores in cell walls. Even VICWs in WAW were severely deteriorated at the nanoscale with impact on mechanics, which has strong implications for the conservation of archaeological shipwrecks. MDPI 2020-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7179126/ /pubmed/32138153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051113 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Han, Liuyang
Tian, Xingling
Keplinger, Tobias
Zhou, Haibin
Li, Ren
Svedström, Kirsi
Burgert, Ingo
Yin, Yafang
Guo, Juan
Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title_full Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title_fullStr Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title_full_unstemmed Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title_short Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck
title_sort even visually intact cell walls in waterlogged archaeological wood are chemically deteriorated and mechanically fragile: a case of a 170 year-old shipwreck
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7179126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051113
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