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GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production

In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such sys...

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Autores principales: Baniata, Hamza, Sharieh, Ahmad, Mahmood, Sami, Kertesz, Attila
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32235361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894
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author Baniata, Hamza
Sharieh, Ahmad
Mahmood, Sami
Kertesz, Attila
author_facet Baniata, Hamza
Sharieh, Ahmad
Mahmood, Sami
Kertesz, Attila
author_sort Baniata, Hamza
collection PubMed
description In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such systems with actuator components using Graph Representation of the Angle of the Force and Time (GRAFT). GRAFT facilitates easy computation of the net force produced by physical or mechanical acts occurring on a daily basis on Earth. We use laws and definitions of physics describing the relations between Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT), apply them in a heliocentric system, and model the considered systems with a graph. The continuous movement of the Earth was shown to be weakening the total produced net force in some systems. We considered this weakening issue a problem, and we propose two possible solutions to overcome it by using restoration values, or reordering actuator sessions, in GRAFT to arrive to a more force-efficient system. We compared our default GRAFT algorithm to a special implementation using the Clock-Angle-Problem (CAP) for sessions. We also study and discuss an IoT-focused case for validating our approach, and we present a detailed explanation of the proposed GRAFT algorithm. The experimental results show the ability of GRAFT to provide highly accurate results, which also exemplifies that our GRAFT approach is programmable, hence deployable in real life scenarios.
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spelling pubmed-71811272020-04-28 GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production Baniata, Hamza Sharieh, Ahmad Mahmood, Sami Kertesz, Attila Sensors (Basel) Article In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such systems with actuator components using Graph Representation of the Angle of the Force and Time (GRAFT). GRAFT facilitates easy computation of the net force produced by physical or mechanical acts occurring on a daily basis on Earth. We use laws and definitions of physics describing the relations between Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT), apply them in a heliocentric system, and model the considered systems with a graph. The continuous movement of the Earth was shown to be weakening the total produced net force in some systems. We considered this weakening issue a problem, and we propose two possible solutions to overcome it by using restoration values, or reordering actuator sessions, in GRAFT to arrive to a more force-efficient system. We compared our default GRAFT algorithm to a special implementation using the Clock-Angle-Problem (CAP) for sessions. We also study and discuss an IoT-focused case for validating our approach, and we present a detailed explanation of the proposed GRAFT algorithm. The experimental results show the ability of GRAFT to provide highly accurate results, which also exemplifies that our GRAFT approach is programmable, hence deployable in real life scenarios. MDPI 2020-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7181127/ /pubmed/32235361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Baniata, Hamza
Sharieh, Ahmad
Mahmood, Sami
Kertesz, Attila
GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title_full GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title_fullStr GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title_full_unstemmed GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title_short GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
title_sort graft: a model for evaluating actuator systems in terms of force production
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32235361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894
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