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GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production
In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such sys...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32235361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894 |
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author | Baniata, Hamza Sharieh, Ahmad Mahmood, Sami Kertesz, Attila |
author_facet | Baniata, Hamza Sharieh, Ahmad Mahmood, Sami Kertesz, Attila |
author_sort | Baniata, Hamza |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such systems with actuator components using Graph Representation of the Angle of the Force and Time (GRAFT). GRAFT facilitates easy computation of the net force produced by physical or mechanical acts occurring on a daily basis on Earth. We use laws and definitions of physics describing the relations between Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT), apply them in a heliocentric system, and model the considered systems with a graph. The continuous movement of the Earth was shown to be weakening the total produced net force in some systems. We considered this weakening issue a problem, and we propose two possible solutions to overcome it by using restoration values, or reordering actuator sessions, in GRAFT to arrive to a more force-efficient system. We compared our default GRAFT algorithm to a special implementation using the Clock-Angle-Problem (CAP) for sessions. We also study and discuss an IoT-focused case for validating our approach, and we present a detailed explanation of the proposed GRAFT algorithm. The experimental results show the ability of GRAFT to provide highly accurate results, which also exemplifies that our GRAFT approach is programmable, hence deployable in real life scenarios. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7181127 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71811272020-04-28 GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production Baniata, Hamza Sharieh, Ahmad Mahmood, Sami Kertesz, Attila Sensors (Basel) Article In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such systems with actuator components using Graph Representation of the Angle of the Force and Time (GRAFT). GRAFT facilitates easy computation of the net force produced by physical or mechanical acts occurring on a daily basis on Earth. We use laws and definitions of physics describing the relations between Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT), apply them in a heliocentric system, and model the considered systems with a graph. The continuous movement of the Earth was shown to be weakening the total produced net force in some systems. We considered this weakening issue a problem, and we propose two possible solutions to overcome it by using restoration values, or reordering actuator sessions, in GRAFT to arrive to a more force-efficient system. We compared our default GRAFT algorithm to a special implementation using the Clock-Angle-Problem (CAP) for sessions. We also study and discuss an IoT-focused case for validating our approach, and we present a detailed explanation of the proposed GRAFT algorithm. The experimental results show the ability of GRAFT to provide highly accurate results, which also exemplifies that our GRAFT approach is programmable, hence deployable in real life scenarios. MDPI 2020-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7181127/ /pubmed/32235361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Baniata, Hamza Sharieh, Ahmad Mahmood, Sami Kertesz, Attila GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title | GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title_full | GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title_fullStr | GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title_full_unstemmed | GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title_short | GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production |
title_sort | graft: a model for evaluating actuator systems in terms of force production |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32235361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071894 |
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