Solid solution for catalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases at 50 °C

The lack of efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis from N(2) and H(2) gases at the lower temperature of ca. 50 °C has been a problem not only for the Haber–Bosch process, but also for ammonia production toward zero CO(2) emissions. Here, we report a new approach for low temperature ammonia synthesis that uses a stable electron-donating heterogeneous catalyst, cubic CaFH, a solid solution of CaF(2) and CaH(2) formed at low temperatures. The catalyst produced ammonia from N(2) and H(2) gases at 50 °C with an extremely small activation energy of 20 kJ mol(−1), which is less than half that for conventional catalysts reported. The catalytic performance can be attributed to the weak ionic bonds between Ca(2+) and H(−) ions in the solid solution and the facile release of hydrogen atoms from H(−) sites.