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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update

Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family of Coronaviridae, the order Nidovirales, and the genus Coronavirus. They are the largest group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Morphologically, CoVs are enveloped viruses containing a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stran...

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Autores principales: Pal, Mahendra, Berhanu, Gemechu, Desalegn, Chaltu, Kandi, Venkataramana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32337143
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7423
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author Pal, Mahendra
Berhanu, Gemechu
Desalegn, Chaltu
Kandi, Venkataramana
author_facet Pal, Mahendra
Berhanu, Gemechu
Desalegn, Chaltu
Kandi, Venkataramana
author_sort Pal, Mahendra
collection PubMed
description Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family of Coronaviridae, the order Nidovirales, and the genus Coronavirus. They are the largest group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Morphologically, CoVs are enveloped viruses containing a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. CoVs are categorized into four important genera that include Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. A novel member of human CoV that has recently emerged in Wuhan, China, is now formally named as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This is a unique strain of RNA viruses that have not been previously observed in humans. The virus has wide host adaptability and is capable of causing severe diseases in humans, masked palm civets, mice, dogs, cats, camels, pigs, chickens, and bats. The SARS-CoV-2 typically causes respiratory and gastrointestinal sickness in both humans and animals. It can be transmitted through aerosols and direct/indirect contact, as well as during medical cases and laboratory sample handling. Specific structural proteins, which might be found on the surface of the virus, play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of the complications. The disease is characterized by distinct medical signs and symptoms that include high fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. The infected people may also present with other symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, expectoration, and hemoptysis. It is important from the public health and economic point of view as it affects the growth of the country, which is majorly attributed to the restriction in the movement of the people and the cost associated with the control and prevention of the disease. Since there is no specific therapeutic intervention nor a vaccine available against the virus, supportive management and treatment with non-specific therapeutic agents (repurposed drugs) may provide relief to the patients. Some preventive strategies of the disease include blocking the routes of transmission of the infections, disinfection of instruments used during medical case handling, using personal protective equipment, proper and early diagnosis of the disease, avoiding contact with the sick patients, and quarantine of the infected/exposed people.
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spelling pubmed-71821662020-04-24 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update Pal, Mahendra Berhanu, Gemechu Desalegn, Chaltu Kandi, Venkataramana Cureus Infectious Disease Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family of Coronaviridae, the order Nidovirales, and the genus Coronavirus. They are the largest group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Morphologically, CoVs are enveloped viruses containing a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. CoVs are categorized into four important genera that include Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. A novel member of human CoV that has recently emerged in Wuhan, China, is now formally named as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This is a unique strain of RNA viruses that have not been previously observed in humans. The virus has wide host adaptability and is capable of causing severe diseases in humans, masked palm civets, mice, dogs, cats, camels, pigs, chickens, and bats. The SARS-CoV-2 typically causes respiratory and gastrointestinal sickness in both humans and animals. It can be transmitted through aerosols and direct/indirect contact, as well as during medical cases and laboratory sample handling. Specific structural proteins, which might be found on the surface of the virus, play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of the complications. The disease is characterized by distinct medical signs and symptoms that include high fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. The infected people may also present with other symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, expectoration, and hemoptysis. It is important from the public health and economic point of view as it affects the growth of the country, which is majorly attributed to the restriction in the movement of the people and the cost associated with the control and prevention of the disease. Since there is no specific therapeutic intervention nor a vaccine available against the virus, supportive management and treatment with non-specific therapeutic agents (repurposed drugs) may provide relief to the patients. Some preventive strategies of the disease include blocking the routes of transmission of the infections, disinfection of instruments used during medical case handling, using personal protective equipment, proper and early diagnosis of the disease, avoiding contact with the sick patients, and quarantine of the infected/exposed people. Cureus 2020-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7182166/ /pubmed/32337143 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7423 Text en Copyright © 2020, Pal et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Infectious Disease
Pal, Mahendra
Berhanu, Gemechu
Desalegn, Chaltu
Kandi, Venkataramana
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title_full Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title_fullStr Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title_full_unstemmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title_short Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update
title_sort severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2): an update
topic Infectious Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32337143
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7423
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