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Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Veterinary World
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7183454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367958 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.515-520 |
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author | Arwati, Heny Hapsari, Windya T. Wardhani, Kartika A. Aini, Kholida N. Bahalwan, Ramadhani R. Wardhani, Puspa Sandhika, Willy |
author_facet | Arwati, Heny Hapsari, Windya T. Wardhani, Kartika A. Aini, Kholida N. Bahalwan, Ramadhani R. Wardhani, Puspa Sandhika, Willy |
author_sort | Arwati, Heny |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.75% of goat bile and negative control. The death of mice was observed within 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, the body weight and hematology parameters on day 0 and day 4 post-treatment were evaluated. The mice were closely observed for 28 days before plasma collection for the blood biochemistry evaluation. RESULTS: Mild diarrhea was observed in acute and subacute toxicity tests. No death of mice was observed in acute test. Goat bile did not inhibit the increase of the body weight of mice. A slight reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in mice treated with 25% and 50% goat bile, however, remained normal in mice treated with 100% goat bile. The red and white blood cell count were not affected. Liver and kidney functions were not affected by goat bile treatment as revealed by the plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, which remained in the normal range. CONCLUSION: Goat bile treatment in BALB/c mice caused mild toxicity in mice. Hydrophobic bile acids may cause the toxicity of goat bile in mice; therefore, it is recommended that goat bile consumption not to be taken oftenly to avoid its harmful effect. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7183454 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Veterinary World |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71834542020-05-04 Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice Arwati, Heny Hapsari, Windya T. Wardhani, Kartika A. Aini, Kholida N. Bahalwan, Ramadhani R. Wardhani, Puspa Sandhika, Willy Vet World Research Article AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.75% of goat bile and negative control. The death of mice was observed within 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, the body weight and hematology parameters on day 0 and day 4 post-treatment were evaluated. The mice were closely observed for 28 days before plasma collection for the blood biochemistry evaluation. RESULTS: Mild diarrhea was observed in acute and subacute toxicity tests. No death of mice was observed in acute test. Goat bile did not inhibit the increase of the body weight of mice. A slight reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in mice treated with 25% and 50% goat bile, however, remained normal in mice treated with 100% goat bile. The red and white blood cell count were not affected. Liver and kidney functions were not affected by goat bile treatment as revealed by the plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, which remained in the normal range. CONCLUSION: Goat bile treatment in BALB/c mice caused mild toxicity in mice. Hydrophobic bile acids may cause the toxicity of goat bile in mice; therefore, it is recommended that goat bile consumption not to be taken oftenly to avoid its harmful effect. Veterinary World 2020-03 2020-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7183454/ /pubmed/32367958 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.515-520 Text en Copyright: © Arwati, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Arwati, Heny Hapsari, Windya T. Wardhani, Kartika A. Aini, Kholida N. Bahalwan, Ramadhani R. Wardhani, Puspa Sandhika, Willy Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title | Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title_full | Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title_fullStr | Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title_short | Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice |
title_sort | acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in balb/c mice |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7183454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367958 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.515-520 |
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