Short-Term Outcome and MRI Changes in Three Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Aseptic Osteonecrosis after Treatment with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Preliminary Report

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal manifestations are common in sickle cell disease (SCD). Vaso-occlusive crisis can manifest acutely as joint and bone pain, osteomyelitis and/or arthritis. It can also lead to chronic bone aches, bone deformities, degenerative arthritis, pathological fractures, and osteoporosis. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is a mode of treatment in which the patient is exposed to very high arterial and tissue oxygen pressure, during multiple sessions. It has been used as primary or adjunctive therapy for a variety of medical disorders, including necrotizing infection and sickle cell crisis. CASE REPORT: In this case series, 3 patients with SCD and avascular necrosis were treated with 15–40 sessions of HBO and were assessed 6–12 months by MRI after treatment. They showed different clinical outcomes and MRI changes. CONCLUSION: We concluded that HBO can result in some subjective improvement, especially in early stages. Further studies on severe cases are needed.