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Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview
OBJECTIVE: To review the laboratory and clinical evidence of the medicinal value of zinc for the treatment of the common cold. DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified through Medline (1980–2003) using the search terms zinc, rhinovirus, and other pertinent subject headings. Additional sources wer...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.
2004
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15496046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/1544-3191.44.5.594.Hulisz |
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author | Hulisz, Darrell |
author_facet | Hulisz, Darrell |
author_sort | Hulisz, Darrell |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To review the laboratory and clinical evidence of the medicinal value of zinc for the treatment of the common cold. DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified through Medline (1980–2003) using the search terms zinc, rhinovirus, and other pertinent subject headings. Additional sources were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION: By the author. DATA EXTRACTION: By the author. DATA SYNTHESIS: Human rhinoviruses, by attaching to the nasal epithelium via the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptor, cause most colds. Ionic zinc, based on its electrical charge, also has an affinity for ICAM-1 receptor sites and may exert an antiviral effect by attaching to the ICAM-1 receptors in the rhinovirus structure and nasal epithelial cells. Clinical tests of zinc for treatment of common colds have been inconsistent, primarily because of study design, blinding, and lozenge contents. Early formulations of lozenges also were unpalatable. In three trials with similar study designs, methodologies, and efficacy assessments, zinc effectively and significantly shortened the duration of the common cold when it was administered within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Recent reports of trials with zinc gluconate administered as a nasal gel have supported these findings; in addition, they have shown that treatment with zinc nasal gel is effective in reducing the duration and severity of common cold symptoms in patients with established illness. CONCLUSION: Clinical trial data support the value of zinc in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms of the common cold when administered within 24 hours of the onset of common cold symptoms. Additional clinical and laboratory evaluations are warranted to further define the role of ionic zinc for the prevention and treatment of the common cold and to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms through which zinc exerts its symptom-relieving effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7185598 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2004 |
publisher | American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71855982020-04-28 Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview Hulisz, Darrell J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) Article OBJECTIVE: To review the laboratory and clinical evidence of the medicinal value of zinc for the treatment of the common cold. DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified through Medline (1980–2003) using the search terms zinc, rhinovirus, and other pertinent subject headings. Additional sources were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION: By the author. DATA EXTRACTION: By the author. DATA SYNTHESIS: Human rhinoviruses, by attaching to the nasal epithelium via the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptor, cause most colds. Ionic zinc, based on its electrical charge, also has an affinity for ICAM-1 receptor sites and may exert an antiviral effect by attaching to the ICAM-1 receptors in the rhinovirus structure and nasal epithelial cells. Clinical tests of zinc for treatment of common colds have been inconsistent, primarily because of study design, blinding, and lozenge contents. Early formulations of lozenges also were unpalatable. In three trials with similar study designs, methodologies, and efficacy assessments, zinc effectively and significantly shortened the duration of the common cold when it was administered within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Recent reports of trials with zinc gluconate administered as a nasal gel have supported these findings; in addition, they have shown that treatment with zinc nasal gel is effective in reducing the duration and severity of common cold symptoms in patients with established illness. CONCLUSION: Clinical trial data support the value of zinc in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms of the common cold when administered within 24 hours of the onset of common cold symptoms. Additional clinical and laboratory evaluations are warranted to further define the role of ionic zinc for the prevention and treatment of the common cold and to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms through which zinc exerts its symptom-relieving effects. American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. 2004 2015-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7185598/ /pubmed/15496046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/1544-3191.44.5.594.Hulisz Text en © 2004 American Pharmacists Association Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Hulisz, Darrell Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title | Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title_full | Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title_fullStr | Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title_short | Efficacy of Zinc Against Common Cold Viruses: An Overview |
title_sort | efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15496046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/1544-3191.44.5.594.Hulisz |
work_keys_str_mv | AT huliszdarrell efficacyofzincagainstcommoncoldvirusesanoverview |