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The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186255/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02357-z |
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author | Blaauw, J. Meiners, L. C. |
author_facet | Blaauw, J. Meiners, L. C. |
author_sort | Blaauw, J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences are discussed. METHODS: A literature-based description is provided on development, anatomy and function. MR and CT images are used to demonstrate pathology. The majority of pathology, known to affect the splenium, and the clinical effects are described in three subsections: (A) limited to the splenium, with elaboration on pathophysiology of reversible splenial lesions, (B) pathology in the cerebral white matter extending into or deriving from the splenium, with special emphasis on tumors, and (C) splenial involvement in generalized conditions affecting the entire brain, with a hypothesis for pathophysiological mechanisms for the different diseases. RESULTS: The development of the splenium is preceded by the formation of the hippocampal commissure. It is bordered by the falx and the tentorium and is perfused by the anterior and posterior circulation. It contains different caliber axonal fibers and the most compact area of callosal glial cells. These findings may explain the affinity of specific forms of pathology for this region. The fibers interconnect the temporal and occipital regions of both hemispheres reciprocally and are important in language, visuospatial information transfer and behavior. Acquired pathology may lead to changes in consciousness. CONCLUSION: The development, location, fiber composition and vascularization of the splenium make it vulnerable to specific pathological processes. It appears to play an important role in consciousness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7186255 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71862552020-04-30 The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis Blaauw, J. Meiners, L. C. Neuroradiology Review BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences are discussed. METHODS: A literature-based description is provided on development, anatomy and function. MR and CT images are used to demonstrate pathology. The majority of pathology, known to affect the splenium, and the clinical effects are described in three subsections: (A) limited to the splenium, with elaboration on pathophysiology of reversible splenial lesions, (B) pathology in the cerebral white matter extending into or deriving from the splenium, with special emphasis on tumors, and (C) splenial involvement in generalized conditions affecting the entire brain, with a hypothesis for pathophysiological mechanisms for the different diseases. RESULTS: The development of the splenium is preceded by the formation of the hippocampal commissure. It is bordered by the falx and the tentorium and is perfused by the anterior and posterior circulation. It contains different caliber axonal fibers and the most compact area of callosal glial cells. These findings may explain the affinity of specific forms of pathology for this region. The fibers interconnect the temporal and occipital regions of both hemispheres reciprocally and are important in language, visuospatial information transfer and behavior. Acquired pathology may lead to changes in consciousness. CONCLUSION: The development, location, fiber composition and vascularization of the splenium make it vulnerable to specific pathological processes. It appears to play an important role in consciousness. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-02-15 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7186255/ /pubmed/32062761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02357-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Blaauw, J. Meiners, L. C. The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title | The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title_full | The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title_fullStr | The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title_full_unstemmed | The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title_short | The splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
title_sort | splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186255/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02357-z |
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