Screening for chronic prostatitis pathogens using high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing

BACKGROUND: The pathogens responsible for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS; NIH category III) are not currently known. the present study utilized high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing to screen for potential pathogens associated with NIH category III CP (CP III). METHODS: This study included 33 patients with CP III and 30 healthy men, from which one sample each of urethral secretions and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) was collected. High‐throughput next‐generation sequencing was performed to detect the sequence variations and the relative abundance of the bacterial 16S ribosomal variable region and fungal internal transcribed spacer region in all samples. Bioinformatics software and databases were used for data analysis, and differences with P < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and Spearman's rank correlation showed that the microbial compositions of the urethral secretions and EPS collected from the same subject were essentially the same. CONCLUSIONS: No potential pathogens were identified in diagnosed patients with CP III. The EPS may be free from bacteria before and after infection. Changes in the urinary tract microbiome may disrupt the microecological balance of the urinary system, thereby leading to CP III. Conversely, the true pathogens of CP III may not be prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms, Future research may involve the evaluation of noncellular microbes.