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Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review

Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that represent 2-3% of the entire cell population of the human skin, known to have an ability to present antigens to T lymphocytes. Moreover, there is evidence that LCs are probably capable of inducing the local cytotoxic type T-ce...

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Autores principales: Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna, Szepietowski, Jacek C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32377167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8745863
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author Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna
Szepietowski, Jacek C.
author_facet Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna
Szepietowski, Jacek C.
author_sort Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna
collection PubMed
description Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that represent 2-3% of the entire cell population of the human skin, known to have an ability to present antigens to T lymphocytes. Moreover, there is evidence that LCs are probably capable of inducing the local cytotoxic type T-cell-mediated response against the tumour-associated antigens. In the past two decades, a dramatic increase has been noted in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to critically assess the results of available studies quantitatively assessing the LCs in nonmelanoma skin cancers and try to establish a conclusion of its possible impact on their future treatment. The PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases were searched, which returned 948 citations. After a thorough analysis of full article texts, 30 studies have been chosen, including 11 of the BCC, 12 of the SCC specimens, and 7 analysing both tumour types. There was an overall trend towards slightly higher numbers of LCs in BCC than in SCC; however, these tendencies were discrepant between the studies. We presume that such differences could be caused by various staining techniques with a broad spectrum of specificity, including anti-S100, anti-CD1a, and ATPase activity staining used for LCs identification. We hypothesise that as there is a high inconsistency between the results of the studies, as far as the densities of LCs observed in the specimens are concerned, it seems that the mechanism of the influence of LCs on the antitumoural immune response is complicated. Finally, as at present, there is a paucity of available risk scores for the recurrence or progression of BCC or SCC, the creation of classification stratifying that risk including the density of LCs could bring additional information both for the physician and the patient.
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spelling pubmed-71877222020-05-06 Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna Szepietowski, Jacek C. Mediators Inflamm Review Article Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that represent 2-3% of the entire cell population of the human skin, known to have an ability to present antigens to T lymphocytes. Moreover, there is evidence that LCs are probably capable of inducing the local cytotoxic type T-cell-mediated response against the tumour-associated antigens. In the past two decades, a dramatic increase has been noted in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to critically assess the results of available studies quantitatively assessing the LCs in nonmelanoma skin cancers and try to establish a conclusion of its possible impact on their future treatment. The PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases were searched, which returned 948 citations. After a thorough analysis of full article texts, 30 studies have been chosen, including 11 of the BCC, 12 of the SCC specimens, and 7 analysing both tumour types. There was an overall trend towards slightly higher numbers of LCs in BCC than in SCC; however, these tendencies were discrepant between the studies. We presume that such differences could be caused by various staining techniques with a broad spectrum of specificity, including anti-S100, anti-CD1a, and ATPase activity staining used for LCs identification. We hypothesise that as there is a high inconsistency between the results of the studies, as far as the densities of LCs observed in the specimens are concerned, it seems that the mechanism of the influence of LCs on the antitumoural immune response is complicated. Finally, as at present, there is a paucity of available risk scores for the recurrence or progression of BCC or SCC, the creation of classification stratifying that risk including the density of LCs could bring additional information both for the physician and the patient. Hindawi 2020-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7187722/ /pubmed/32377167 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8745863 Text en Copyright © 2020 Joanna Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś and Jacek C. Szepietowski. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś, Joanna
Szepietowski, Jacek C.
Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title_full Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title_short Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review
title_sort density of langerhans cells in nonmelanoma skin cancers: a systematic review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32377167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8745863
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