Quantifying Mobility in the ICU: Comparison of Electronic Health Record Documentation and Accelerometer-Based Sensors to Clinician-Annotated Video

To compare the accuracy of electronic health record clinician documentation and accelerometer-based sensors with a gold standard dataset derived from clinician-annotated video to quantify early mobility activities in adult ICU patients. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Medical ICU at an academic hospital. PATIENTS: Adult ICU patients (n = 30) were each continuously monitored over a median of 24.4 hours, yielding 711.5 hours of video, electronic health record, and sensor data. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Electronic health record documentation estimated ambulation (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95), sitting out-of-bed (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–0.93), and turning events (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75–0.94) with excellent agreement but underestimated the number of standing, transferring, and pregait activities performed per patient. The accelerometer-based sensor had excellent agreement with video annotation for estimating duration of time spent supine (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.99; CI, 0.97–0.99) and sitting/standing upright (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.92; CI, 0.82–0.96) but overestimated ambulation time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that electronic health record documentation and sensor-based technologies accurately capture distinct but complimentary metrics for ICU mobility measurement. Innovations in artifact detection, standardization of clinically relevant mobility definitions, and electronic health record documentation enhancements may enable further use of these technologies to drive critical care research and technology leveraged data-driven ICU models of care.