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Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Background: Observational studies showed that educational attainment (EA) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but the long interval between exposure and outcome makes it difficult to infer causality. We herein used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal effects of EA on adiposit...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32391302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00112 |
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author | Cao, Min Cui, Bin |
author_facet | Cao, Min Cui, Bin |
author_sort | Cao, Min |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Observational studies showed that educational attainment (EA) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but the long interval between exposure and outcome makes it difficult to infer causality. We herein used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal effects of EA on adiposity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Seventy-four instrumental variables (IVs) were used to determine the causal effect of EA on cardiometabolic diseases. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to detect the pleiotropy of the IVs. Results: Using the MR approach, we found that each additional year in EA is associated with a reduction in the body mass index (BMI) (β −0.17 [95% CI −0.23, −0.10], P = 8.85 × 10(−7)), a 39% reduction in the odds of having T2D (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.50, 0.75], P = 1.16 × 10(−6)), and a 36% reduction in the odds of having CAD (OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.55, 0.75], P = 2.38 × 10(−8)) at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a causal role of EA on the cardiometabolic diseases including adiposity, T2D, and CAD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7189805 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71898052020-05-08 Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study Cao, Min Cui, Bin Front Public Health Public Health Background: Observational studies showed that educational attainment (EA) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but the long interval between exposure and outcome makes it difficult to infer causality. We herein used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal effects of EA on adiposity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Seventy-four instrumental variables (IVs) were used to determine the causal effect of EA on cardiometabolic diseases. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to detect the pleiotropy of the IVs. Results: Using the MR approach, we found that each additional year in EA is associated with a reduction in the body mass index (BMI) (β −0.17 [95% CI −0.23, −0.10], P = 8.85 × 10(−7)), a 39% reduction in the odds of having T2D (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.50, 0.75], P = 1.16 × 10(−6)), and a 36% reduction in the odds of having CAD (OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.55, 0.75], P = 2.38 × 10(−8)) at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a causal role of EA on the cardiometabolic diseases including adiposity, T2D, and CAD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7189805/ /pubmed/32391302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00112 Text en Copyright © 2020 Cao and Cui. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Cao, Min Cui, Bin Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title | Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full | Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_fullStr | Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_short | Association of Educational Attainment With Adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Artery Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_sort | association of educational attainment with adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery diseases: a mendelian randomization study |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32391302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00112 |
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