Actions of Rab27B‐GTPase on mammalian central excitatory synaptic transmission

Members of the Rab3 gene family are considered central to membrane trafficking of synaptic vesicles at mammalian central excitatory synapses. Recent evidence, however, indicates that the Rab27B‐GTPase, which is highly homologous to the Rab3 family, is also enriched on SV membranes and co‐localize with Rab3A and Synaptotagmin at presynaptic terminals. While functional roles of Rab3A have been well‐established, little functional information exists on the role of Rab27B in synaptic transmission. Here we report on functional effects of Rab27B at SC‐CA1 and DG‐MF hippocampal synapses. The data establish distinct functional actions of Rab27B and demonstrate functions of Rab27B that differ between SC‐CA1 and DG‐MF synapses. Rab27B knockout reduced frequency facilitation compared to wild‐type (WT) controls at the DG/MF‐CA3 synaptic region, while increasing facilitation at the SC‐CA1 synaptic region. Remarkably, Rab27B KO resulted in a complete elimination of LTP at the MF‐CA3 synapse with no effect at the SC‐CA1 synapse. These actions are similar to those previously reported for Rab3A KO. Specificity of action on LTP to Rab27B was confirmed as LTP was rescued in response to lentiviral infection and expression of human Rab27B, but not to GFP, in the DG in the Rab27B KO mice. Notably, the effect of Rab27B KO on MF‐CA3 LTP occurred in spite of continued expression of Rab3A in the Rab27B KO. Overall, the results provide a novel perspective in suggesting that Rab27B and Rab3A act synergistically, perhaps via sequential effector recruitment or signaling for presynaptic LTP expression in this hippocampal synaptic region.