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Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression

The genome (genes), epigenome, and environment work together from the earliest stages of human life to produce a phenotype of human health or disease. Epigenetic modifications, including among other things: DNA methylation, modifications of histones and chromatin structure, as well as functions of n...

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Autor principal: Talarowska, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373361
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6357873
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author Talarowska, Monika
author_facet Talarowska, Monika
author_sort Talarowska, Monika
collection PubMed
description The genome (genes), epigenome, and environment work together from the earliest stages of human life to produce a phenotype of human health or disease. Epigenetic modifications, including among other things: DNA methylation, modifications of histones and chromatin structure, as well as functions of noncoding RNA, are coresponsible for specific patterns of gene expression. This refers also to mental disorders, including depressive disorders. Early childhood experiences accompanied by severe stressors (considered a risk factor for depression in adult life) are linked with changes in gene expression. They include genes involved in a response to stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA), associated with autonomic nervous system hyperactivity and with cortical, and subcortical processes of neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. These are, among others: gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor, FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5), gene encoding arginine vasopressin and oestrogen receptor alpha, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter gene (SLC6A4), and gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor. How about personality? Can the experiences unique to every human being, the history of his or her development and gene-environment interactions, through epigenetic mechanisms, shape the features of our personality? Can we pass on these features to future generations? Hence, is the risk of depression inherent in our biological nature? Can we change our destiny?
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spelling pubmed-71961482020-05-05 Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression Talarowska, Monika Depress Res Treat Review Article The genome (genes), epigenome, and environment work together from the earliest stages of human life to produce a phenotype of human health or disease. Epigenetic modifications, including among other things: DNA methylation, modifications of histones and chromatin structure, as well as functions of noncoding RNA, are coresponsible for specific patterns of gene expression. This refers also to mental disorders, including depressive disorders. Early childhood experiences accompanied by severe stressors (considered a risk factor for depression in adult life) are linked with changes in gene expression. They include genes involved in a response to stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA), associated with autonomic nervous system hyperactivity and with cortical, and subcortical processes of neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. These are, among others: gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor, FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5), gene encoding arginine vasopressin and oestrogen receptor alpha, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter gene (SLC6A4), and gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor. How about personality? Can the experiences unique to every human being, the history of his or her development and gene-environment interactions, through epigenetic mechanisms, shape the features of our personality? Can we pass on these features to future generations? Hence, is the risk of depression inherent in our biological nature? Can we change our destiny? Hindawi 2020-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7196148/ /pubmed/32373361 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6357873 Text en Copyright © 2020 Monika Talarowska. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Talarowska, Monika
Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title_full Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title_fullStr Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title_short Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression
title_sort epigenetic mechanisms in the neurodevelopmental theory of depression
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373361
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6357873
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