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Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology

Treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma in dogs often requires a multidisciplinary approach and a thorough understanding of the CMF skeletal structures involved. The aim of this retrospective study was to use a large number of CT studies of dogs evaluated for CMF trauma and to describe fractur...

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Autores principales: De Paolo, Mercedes H., Arzi, Boaz, Pollard, Rachel E., Kass, Philip H., Verstraete, Frank J. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411743
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00241
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author De Paolo, Mercedes H.
Arzi, Boaz
Pollard, Rachel E.
Kass, Philip H.
Verstraete, Frank J. M.
author_facet De Paolo, Mercedes H.
Arzi, Boaz
Pollard, Rachel E.
Kass, Philip H.
Verstraete, Frank J. M.
author_sort De Paolo, Mercedes H.
collection PubMed
description Treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma in dogs often requires a multidisciplinary approach and a thorough understanding of the CMF skeletal structures involved. The aim of this retrospective study was to use a large number of CT studies of dogs evaluated for CMF trauma and to describe fracture location and morphology in relation to demographic data and trauma etiology. The medical records and CT studies of 165 dogs over a 10-year period were evaluated. The skeletal location of CMF fractures as well as the severity of displacement and fragmentation of each fracture was recorded. Patient demographic data and trauma etiology were also recorded. Animal bites accounted for the majority of trauma (50%), followed by unknown trauma (15%), vehicular accidents (13%), and blunt force trauma (13%). Small dogs, <10 kg, and juveniles accounted for the majority of patients (41.8 and 25.5%, respectively). The most likely bone or region to be fractured was the maxillary bone, followed by the premolar and molar regions of the mandible. Up to 37 bones or regions were fractured in any given patient, with an average of 8.2 fractured bones or regions per dog. The most commonly fractured location varied according to trauma etiology. Specifically, vehicular accidents tended to result in more locations with a higher probability of fracture than other trauma types. A major conclusion from this study is that every bone of the CMF region was fractured in at least one case and many cases had a large number of fractured regions. Thus, the need for comprehensive assessment of the entire CMF region, preferably using CT, is underscored.
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spelling pubmed-71992912020-05-14 Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology De Paolo, Mercedes H. Arzi, Boaz Pollard, Rachel E. Kass, Philip H. Verstraete, Frank J. M. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma in dogs often requires a multidisciplinary approach and a thorough understanding of the CMF skeletal structures involved. The aim of this retrospective study was to use a large number of CT studies of dogs evaluated for CMF trauma and to describe fracture location and morphology in relation to demographic data and trauma etiology. The medical records and CT studies of 165 dogs over a 10-year period were evaluated. The skeletal location of CMF fractures as well as the severity of displacement and fragmentation of each fracture was recorded. Patient demographic data and trauma etiology were also recorded. Animal bites accounted for the majority of trauma (50%), followed by unknown trauma (15%), vehicular accidents (13%), and blunt force trauma (13%). Small dogs, <10 kg, and juveniles accounted for the majority of patients (41.8 and 25.5%, respectively). The most likely bone or region to be fractured was the maxillary bone, followed by the premolar and molar regions of the mandible. Up to 37 bones or regions were fractured in any given patient, with an average of 8.2 fractured bones or regions per dog. The most commonly fractured location varied according to trauma etiology. Specifically, vehicular accidents tended to result in more locations with a higher probability of fracture than other trauma types. A major conclusion from this study is that every bone of the CMF region was fractured in at least one case and many cases had a large number of fractured regions. Thus, the need for comprehensive assessment of the entire CMF region, preferably using CT, is underscored. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7199291/ /pubmed/32411743 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00241 Text en Copyright © 2020 De Paolo, Arzi, Pollard, Kass and Verstraete. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
De Paolo, Mercedes H.
Arzi, Boaz
Pollard, Rachel E.
Kass, Philip H.
Verstraete, Frank J. M.
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title_full Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title_fullStr Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title_full_unstemmed Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title_short Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs—Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology
title_sort craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs—part i: fracture location, morphology and etiology
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411743
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00241
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