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Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain

Neurogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain is known to occur in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. These neurogenic niches serve as endogenous sources of neural precursor cells that could potentially replace neurons that have been lost or damaged throughout the brai...

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Autores principales: Purvis, Erin M., O'Donnell, John C., Chen, H. Isaac, Cullen, D. Kacy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411087
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00344
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author Purvis, Erin M.
O'Donnell, John C.
Chen, H. Isaac
Cullen, D. Kacy
author_facet Purvis, Erin M.
O'Donnell, John C.
Chen, H. Isaac
Cullen, D. Kacy
author_sort Purvis, Erin M.
collection PubMed
description Neurogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain is known to occur in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. These neurogenic niches serve as endogenous sources of neural precursor cells that could potentially replace neurons that have been lost or damaged throughout the brain. As an example, manipulation of the subventricular zone to augment neurogenesis has become a popular strategy for attempting to replace neurons that have been lost due to acute brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. In this review article, we describe current experimental strategies to enhance the regenerative potential of endogenous neural precursor cell sources by enhancing cell proliferation in neurogenic regions and/or redirecting migration, including pharmacological, biomaterial, and tissue engineering strategies. In particular, we discuss a novel replacement strategy based on exogenously biofabricated “living scaffolds” that could enhance and redirect endogenous neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to specified regions throughout the brain. This approach utilizes the first implantable, biomimetic tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream, thereby leveraging the brain's natural mechanism for sustained neuronal replacement by replicating the structure and function of the native rostral migratory stream. Across all these strategies, we discuss several challenges that need to be overcome to successfully harness endogenous neural precursor cells to promote nervous system repair and functional restoration. With further development, the diverse and innovative tissue engineering and biomaterial strategies explored in this review have the potential to facilitate functional neuronal replacement to mitigate neurological and psychiatric symptoms caused by injury, developmental disorders, or neurodegenerative disease.
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spelling pubmed-71994792020-05-14 Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain Purvis, Erin M. O'Donnell, John C. Chen, H. Isaac Cullen, D. Kacy Front Neurol Neurology Neurogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain is known to occur in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. These neurogenic niches serve as endogenous sources of neural precursor cells that could potentially replace neurons that have been lost or damaged throughout the brain. As an example, manipulation of the subventricular zone to augment neurogenesis has become a popular strategy for attempting to replace neurons that have been lost due to acute brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. In this review article, we describe current experimental strategies to enhance the regenerative potential of endogenous neural precursor cell sources by enhancing cell proliferation in neurogenic regions and/or redirecting migration, including pharmacological, biomaterial, and tissue engineering strategies. In particular, we discuss a novel replacement strategy based on exogenously biofabricated “living scaffolds” that could enhance and redirect endogenous neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to specified regions throughout the brain. This approach utilizes the first implantable, biomimetic tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream, thereby leveraging the brain's natural mechanism for sustained neuronal replacement by replicating the structure and function of the native rostral migratory stream. Across all these strategies, we discuss several challenges that need to be overcome to successfully harness endogenous neural precursor cells to promote nervous system repair and functional restoration. With further development, the diverse and innovative tissue engineering and biomaterial strategies explored in this review have the potential to facilitate functional neuronal replacement to mitigate neurological and psychiatric symptoms caused by injury, developmental disorders, or neurodegenerative disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7199479/ /pubmed/32411087 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00344 Text en Copyright © 2020 Purvis, O'Donnell, Chen and Cullen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Purvis, Erin M.
O'Donnell, John C.
Chen, H. Isaac
Cullen, D. Kacy
Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title_full Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title_fullStr Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title_full_unstemmed Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title_short Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Strategies to Elicit Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Brain
title_sort tissue engineering and biomaterial strategies to elicit endogenous neuronal replacement in the brain
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411087
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00344
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