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Maternal Diarrhea and Antibiotic Use are Associated with Increased Risk of Diarrhea among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in Kenya

HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are a growing population at particularly high risk of infection-related death in whom preventing diarrhea may significantly reduce under-5 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A historic cohort (1999–2002) of Kenyan HEU infants followed from birth to...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Deichsel, Emily L., Pavlinac, Patricia B., Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy, Walson, Judd L., Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Farquhar, Carey, Bosire, Rose, John-Stewart, Grace C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7204572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32100682
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0705
Descripción
Sumario:HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are a growing population at particularly high risk of infection-related death in whom preventing diarrhea may significantly reduce under-5 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A historic cohort (1999–2002) of Kenyan HEU infants followed from birth to 12 months was used. Maternal and infant morbidity were ascertained at monthly clinic visits and unscheduled sick visits. The Andersen–Gill Cox model was used to assess maternal, environmental, and infant correlates of diarrhea, moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD; diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, or related hospital admission), and prolonged/persistent diarrhea (> 7 days) in infants. HIV-exposed, uninfected infants (n = 373) experienced a mean 2.09 (95% CI: 1.93, 2.25) episodes of diarrhea, 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.55) episodes of MSD, and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.42) episodes of prolonged/persistent diarrhea in their first year. Postpartum maternal diarrhea was associated with increased risk of infant diarrhea (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43, 3.06) and MSD (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.10, 7.59). Maternal antibiotic use was a risk factor for prolonged/persistent diarrhea (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.55). Infants living in households with a pit latrine were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.74) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.14) times more likely to experience diarrhea and MSD, respectively, relative to those with a flush toilet. Current exclusive breastfeeding was protective against MSD (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.58) relative to infants receiving no breast milk. Reductions in maternal diarrhea may result in substantial reductions in diarrhea morbidity among HEU children, in addition to standard diarrhea prevention interventions.