Evaluation of Matrix Effects and Extraction Efficiencies of LC–MS/MS Methods as the Essential Part for Proper Validation of Multiclass Contaminants in Complex Feed

[Image: see text] This work provides a proposal for proper determination of matrix effects and extraction efficiencies as an integral part of full validation of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry-based multiclass methods for complex feedstuff. Analytical performance data have been determined for 100 selected analytes in three compound feed matrices and twelve single feed ingredients using seven individual samples per matrix type. Apparent recoveries ranged from 60–140% for 52–89% of all compounds in single feed materials and 51–72% in complex compound feed. Regarding extraction efficiencies, 84–97% of all analytes ranged within 70–120% in all tested feed materials, implying that signal suppression due to matrix effects is the main source for the deviation from 100% of the expected target deriving from external calibration. However, the comparison between compound feed and single feed materials shows great variances regarding the apparent recoveries and matrix effects. Therefore, model compound feed formulas for cattle, pig, and chicken were prepared in-house in order to circumvent the issue of the lack of a true blank sample material and to simulate compositional uncertainties. The results of this work highlight that compound feed modeling enables a more realistic estimation of the method performance and therefore should be implemented in future validation guidelines.