Venous Thromboembolism after the Repair of Abdominal Incisional Hernia with a Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Incisional hernia often complicates kidney transplant. However, there are few reports showing pitfalls after the repair of incisional hernia following living-donor kidney transplant. A 55-year-old man underwent living-donor kidney transplant from his wife at the Department of Urology at the authors’ hospital. He noticed abdominal distension 6 months postoperatively and was diagnosed with incisional hernia by computed tomography (CT) imaging. Clinical examination revealed the extensive distension of the right abdomen; noncontrast abdominal CT showed transverse colon, descending colon, and mesenteric prolapse through a hernial orifice measuring 11 × 14 cm, located slightly cranial to the anterior superior iliac spine. Repair was performed under general anesthesia the following day; the right thigh was the donor site. A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap from the donor site was used for abdominal wall reconstruction. He developed fever, and pain and swelling were noted in the right leg on postoperative day 14. Contrast-enhanced thoracic CT confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis. He was quickly started on an oral factor Xa inhibitor (edoxaban) and continuous intravenous heparin; contrast-enhanced thoracic CT on postoperative day 23 showed that PE had disappeared. At 6 months postoperatively, there was no recurrence of the venous thromboembolism or incisional hernia. The authors reported a case of incisional hernia repair after living-donor kidney transplant with a pedicled anterolateral thigh flap, complicated by deep vein thrombosis and PE. Adequate preoperative evaluation was required to determine optimal surgical techniques and preventive measures in cases with myriad thrombogenic risk factors.