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Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States
The 2007 nephrotoxicosis outbreak associated with melamine and cyanuric acid adulteration of pet foods in the United States sparked an urgent need for a nationwide companion animal surveillance program. In 2016, we introduced a syndromic surveillance system based on a novel epidemiological algorithm...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419988 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9093 |
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author | Weng, Hsin-Yi Gaona, Mark A.L. Kass, Philip H. |
author_facet | Weng, Hsin-Yi Gaona, Mark A.L. Kass, Philip H. |
author_sort | Weng, Hsin-Yi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The 2007 nephrotoxicosis outbreak associated with melamine and cyanuric acid adulteration of pet foods in the United States sparked an urgent need for a nationwide companion animal surveillance program. In 2016, we introduced a syndromic surveillance system based on a novel epidemiological algorithm, the proportionate diagnostic outcome ratio (PDOR). The PDOR procedure was validated using simulated outbreaks of foodborne illness (i.e., aflatoxicosis and gastrointestinal illness) in dogs and cats. In this study, we further evaluated the PDOR procedure using the 2007 melamine-related outbreak of nephrotoxicosis. The performance of the PDOR procedure was assessed by the time to alert and positive predictive value (PPV). Electronic medical records of dogs and cats seen at networked primary care veterinary hospitals across the United States were retrieved from a centralized database. The data of four relevant syndromic components: elevated serum creatinine concentration, vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy from July 28, 2006 to May 31, 2007 were prospectively analyzed using the PDOR algorithm. The results showed that the alerts generated from the analysis of elevated serum creatinine concentration could have led to an early detection of this nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak and were well matched to the reported timeline of the outbreak. Additionally, we also observed variations in the performance of the PDOR procedure across age of animals and syndromic components, with the PPVs ranged from 0.61 to 1.0. Combined with the findings from previous evaluations using simulated outbreak scenarios, this study provided additional evidence that the PDOR procedure can be applied in syndromic surveillance to effectively and accurately detect various types of foodborne illness outbreaks in companion animals. However, the interpretations of and responses to alerts require an understanding of clinical veterinary medicine and relevant syndromic knowledge, and should not be based solely on quantitative measures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7211408 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72114082020-05-15 Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States Weng, Hsin-Yi Gaona, Mark A.L. Kass, Philip H. PeerJ Veterinary Medicine The 2007 nephrotoxicosis outbreak associated with melamine and cyanuric acid adulteration of pet foods in the United States sparked an urgent need for a nationwide companion animal surveillance program. In 2016, we introduced a syndromic surveillance system based on a novel epidemiological algorithm, the proportionate diagnostic outcome ratio (PDOR). The PDOR procedure was validated using simulated outbreaks of foodborne illness (i.e., aflatoxicosis and gastrointestinal illness) in dogs and cats. In this study, we further evaluated the PDOR procedure using the 2007 melamine-related outbreak of nephrotoxicosis. The performance of the PDOR procedure was assessed by the time to alert and positive predictive value (PPV). Electronic medical records of dogs and cats seen at networked primary care veterinary hospitals across the United States were retrieved from a centralized database. The data of four relevant syndromic components: elevated serum creatinine concentration, vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy from July 28, 2006 to May 31, 2007 were prospectively analyzed using the PDOR algorithm. The results showed that the alerts generated from the analysis of elevated serum creatinine concentration could have led to an early detection of this nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak and were well matched to the reported timeline of the outbreak. Additionally, we also observed variations in the performance of the PDOR procedure across age of animals and syndromic components, with the PPVs ranged from 0.61 to 1.0. Combined with the findings from previous evaluations using simulated outbreak scenarios, this study provided additional evidence that the PDOR procedure can be applied in syndromic surveillance to effectively and accurately detect various types of foodborne illness outbreaks in companion animals. However, the interpretations of and responses to alerts require an understanding of clinical veterinary medicine and relevant syndromic knowledge, and should not be based solely on quantitative measures. PeerJ Inc. 2020-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7211408/ /pubmed/32419988 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9093 Text en © 2020 Weng et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Medicine Weng, Hsin-Yi Gaona, Mark A.L. Kass, Philip H. Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title | Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title_full | Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title_short | Evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the United States |
title_sort | evaluation of a novel syndromic surveillance system for the detection of the 2007 melamine-related nephrotoxicosis foodborne outbreak in dogs and cats in the united states |
topic | Veterinary Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419988 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9093 |
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