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The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease

Atherosclerosis and vascular disease of larger arteries are often associated with hypoxia within the layers of the vascular wall. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the molecular changes in vascular cells associated with hypoxia and then emphasize the transport mechanisms that bring o...

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Autores principales: Tarbell, John, Mahmoud, Marwa, Corti, Andrea, Cardoso, Luis, Caro, Colin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32228404
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0732
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author Tarbell, John
Mahmoud, Marwa
Corti, Andrea
Cardoso, Luis
Caro, Colin
author_facet Tarbell, John
Mahmoud, Marwa
Corti, Andrea
Cardoso, Luis
Caro, Colin
author_sort Tarbell, John
collection PubMed
description Atherosclerosis and vascular disease of larger arteries are often associated with hypoxia within the layers of the vascular wall. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the molecular changes in vascular cells associated with hypoxia and then emphasize the transport mechanisms that bring oxygen to cells within the vascular wall. We focus on fluid mechanical factors that control oxygen transport from lumenal blood flow to the intima and inner media layers of the artery, and solid mechanical factors that influence oxygen transport to the adventitia and outer media via the wall's microvascular system—the vasa vasorum (VV). Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with VV compression that reduces VV perfusion and oxygenation. Dysfunctional VV neovascularization in response to hypoxia contributes to plaque inflammation and growth. Disturbed blood flow in vascular bifurcations and curvatures leads to reduced oxygen transport from blood to the inner layers of the wall and contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaques in these regions. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a critical transcription factor associated with hypoxia, is also activated in disturbed flow by a mechanism that is independent of hypoxia. A final section of the review emphasizes hypoxia in vascular stenting that is used to enlarge vessels occluded by plaques. Stenting can compress the VV leading to hypoxia and associated intimal hyperplasia. To enhance oxygen transport during stenting, new stent designs with helical centrelines have been developed to increase blood phase oxygen transport rates and reduce intimal hyperplasia. Further study of the mechanisms controlling hypoxia in the artery wall may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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spelling pubmed-72114722020-05-14 The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease Tarbell, John Mahmoud, Marwa Corti, Andrea Cardoso, Luis Caro, Colin J R Soc Interface Life Sciences–Engineering interface Atherosclerosis and vascular disease of larger arteries are often associated with hypoxia within the layers of the vascular wall. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the molecular changes in vascular cells associated with hypoxia and then emphasize the transport mechanisms that bring oxygen to cells within the vascular wall. We focus on fluid mechanical factors that control oxygen transport from lumenal blood flow to the intima and inner media layers of the artery, and solid mechanical factors that influence oxygen transport to the adventitia and outer media via the wall's microvascular system—the vasa vasorum (VV). Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with VV compression that reduces VV perfusion and oxygenation. Dysfunctional VV neovascularization in response to hypoxia contributes to plaque inflammation and growth. Disturbed blood flow in vascular bifurcations and curvatures leads to reduced oxygen transport from blood to the inner layers of the wall and contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaques in these regions. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a critical transcription factor associated with hypoxia, is also activated in disturbed flow by a mechanism that is independent of hypoxia. A final section of the review emphasizes hypoxia in vascular stenting that is used to enlarge vessels occluded by plaques. Stenting can compress the VV leading to hypoxia and associated intimal hyperplasia. To enhance oxygen transport during stenting, new stent designs with helical centrelines have been developed to increase blood phase oxygen transport rates and reduce intimal hyperplasia. Further study of the mechanisms controlling hypoxia in the artery wall may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases. The Royal Society 2020-04 2020-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7211472/ /pubmed/32228404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0732 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Life Sciences–Engineering interface
Tarbell, John
Mahmoud, Marwa
Corti, Andrea
Cardoso, Luis
Caro, Colin
The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title_full The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title_fullStr The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title_full_unstemmed The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title_short The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
title_sort role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease
topic Life Sciences–Engineering interface
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32228404
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0732
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