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Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump
The biological carbon pump (BCP) comprises wide-ranging processes that set carbon supply, consumption, and storage in the oceans’ interior. It is becoming increasingly evident that small changes in the efficiency of the BCP can significantly alter ocean carbon sequestration and, thus, atmospheric CO...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32253312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918114117 |
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author | Buesseler, Ken O. Boyd, Philip W. Black, Erin E. Siegel, David A. |
author_facet | Buesseler, Ken O. Boyd, Philip W. Black, Erin E. Siegel, David A. |
author_sort | Buesseler, Ken O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The biological carbon pump (BCP) comprises wide-ranging processes that set carbon supply, consumption, and storage in the oceans’ interior. It is becoming increasingly evident that small changes in the efficiency of the BCP can significantly alter ocean carbon sequestration and, thus, atmospheric CO(2) and climate, as well as the functioning of midwater ecosystems. Earth system models, including those used by the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, most often assess POC (particulate organic carbon) flux into the ocean interior at a fixed reference depth. The extrapolation of these fluxes to other depths, which defines the BCP efficiencies, is often executed using an idealized and empirically based flux-vs.-depth relationship, often referred to as the “Martin curve.” We use a new compilation of POC fluxes in the upper ocean to reveal very different patterns in BCP efficiencies depending upon whether the fluxes are assessed at a fixed reference depth or relative to the depth of the sunlit euphotic zone (Ez). We find that the fixed-depth approach underestimates BCP efficiencies when the Ez is shallow, and vice versa. This adjustment alters regional assessments of BCP efficiencies as well as global carbon budgets and the interpretation of prior BCP studies. With several international studies recently underway to study the ocean BCP, there are new and unique opportunities to improve our understanding of the mechanistic controls on BCP efficiencies. However, we will only be able to compare results between studies if we use a common set of Ez-based metrics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7211944 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72119442020-05-15 Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump Buesseler, Ken O. Boyd, Philip W. Black, Erin E. Siegel, David A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Perspective The biological carbon pump (BCP) comprises wide-ranging processes that set carbon supply, consumption, and storage in the oceans’ interior. It is becoming increasingly evident that small changes in the efficiency of the BCP can significantly alter ocean carbon sequestration and, thus, atmospheric CO(2) and climate, as well as the functioning of midwater ecosystems. Earth system models, including those used by the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, most often assess POC (particulate organic carbon) flux into the ocean interior at a fixed reference depth. The extrapolation of these fluxes to other depths, which defines the BCP efficiencies, is often executed using an idealized and empirically based flux-vs.-depth relationship, often referred to as the “Martin curve.” We use a new compilation of POC fluxes in the upper ocean to reveal very different patterns in BCP efficiencies depending upon whether the fluxes are assessed at a fixed reference depth or relative to the depth of the sunlit euphotic zone (Ez). We find that the fixed-depth approach underestimates BCP efficiencies when the Ez is shallow, and vice versa. This adjustment alters regional assessments of BCP efficiencies as well as global carbon budgets and the interpretation of prior BCP studies. With several international studies recently underway to study the ocean BCP, there are new and unique opportunities to improve our understanding of the mechanistic controls on BCP efficiencies. However, we will only be able to compare results between studies if we use a common set of Ez-based metrics. National Academy of Sciences 2020-05-05 2020-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7211944/ /pubmed/32253312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918114117 Text en Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Perspective Buesseler, Ken O. Boyd, Philip W. Black, Erin E. Siegel, David A. Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title | Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title_full | Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title_fullStr | Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title_full_unstemmed | Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title_short | Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
title_sort | metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump |
topic | Perspective |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32253312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918114117 |
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