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The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes

BACKGROUND: Inkjet method has been used to produce nano-sized liposomes with a uniform size distribution. However, following the production of liposomes by inkjet method, the solvent residue in the product could have a significant effect on the properties of the final liposomes. OBJECTIVE: This rese...

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Autores principales: Bnyan, Ruba, Cesarini, Laura, Khan, Iftikhar, Roberts, Matt, Ehtezazi, Touraj
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7214573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303981
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00340-1
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author Bnyan, Ruba
Cesarini, Laura
Khan, Iftikhar
Roberts, Matt
Ehtezazi, Touraj
author_facet Bnyan, Ruba
Cesarini, Laura
Khan, Iftikhar
Roberts, Matt
Ehtezazi, Touraj
author_sort Bnyan, Ruba
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Inkjet method has been used to produce nano-sized liposomes with a uniform size distribution. However, following the production of liposomes by inkjet method, the solvent residue in the product could have a significant effect on the properties of the final liposomes. OBJECTIVE: This research paper aimed to find a suitable method to remove ethanol content and to study its effect on the properties of the final liposomal suspension. METHOD: Egg phosphatidylcholine and lidocaine were dissolved in ethanol; and inkjet method at 80 kHz was applied to produce uniform droplets, which were deposited in an aqueous solution to form liposomes. Dry nitrogen gas flow, air-drying, and rotary evaporator were tested to remove the ethanol content. Liposome properties such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), and charge were screened before and after ethanol evaporation. RESULTS: Only rotary evaporator (at constant speed and room temperature for 2 h) removed all of the ethanol content, with a final drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 29.44 ± 6.77%. This was higher than a conventional method. Furthermore, removing ethanol led to liposome size reduction from approximately 200 nm to less than 100 nm in most samples. Additionally, this increased the liposomal net charge, which contributed to maintain the uniform and narrow size distribution of liposomes. CONCLUSION: Nano-sized liposomes were produced with a narrow PDI and higher EE compared to a conventional method by using an inkjet method. Moreover, rotary evaporator for 2 h reduced effectively the ethanol content, while maintaining the narrow size distribution. [Figure: see text]
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spelling pubmed-72145732020-05-14 The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes Bnyan, Ruba Cesarini, Laura Khan, Iftikhar Roberts, Matt Ehtezazi, Touraj Daru Research Article BACKGROUND: Inkjet method has been used to produce nano-sized liposomes with a uniform size distribution. However, following the production of liposomes by inkjet method, the solvent residue in the product could have a significant effect on the properties of the final liposomes. OBJECTIVE: This research paper aimed to find a suitable method to remove ethanol content and to study its effect on the properties of the final liposomal suspension. METHOD: Egg phosphatidylcholine and lidocaine were dissolved in ethanol; and inkjet method at 80 kHz was applied to produce uniform droplets, which were deposited in an aqueous solution to form liposomes. Dry nitrogen gas flow, air-drying, and rotary evaporator were tested to remove the ethanol content. Liposome properties such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), and charge were screened before and after ethanol evaporation. RESULTS: Only rotary evaporator (at constant speed and room temperature for 2 h) removed all of the ethanol content, with a final drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 29.44 ± 6.77%. This was higher than a conventional method. Furthermore, removing ethanol led to liposome size reduction from approximately 200 nm to less than 100 nm in most samples. Additionally, this increased the liposomal net charge, which contributed to maintain the uniform and narrow size distribution of liposomes. CONCLUSION: Nano-sized liposomes were produced with a narrow PDI and higher EE compared to a conventional method by using an inkjet method. Moreover, rotary evaporator for 2 h reduced effectively the ethanol content, while maintaining the narrow size distribution. [Figure: see text] Springer International Publishing 2020-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7214573/ /pubmed/32303981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00340-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bnyan, Ruba
Cesarini, Laura
Khan, Iftikhar
Roberts, Matt
Ehtezazi, Touraj
The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title_full The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title_fullStr The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title_full_unstemmed The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title_short The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
title_sort effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7214573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303981
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00340-1
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