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A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes

The current systematic review evaluated the effects of different pre-cooling techniques on sports performance in highly-trained athletes under high temperature conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to December 2019...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel, Piedra, José Víctor, Sánchez-Fernández, Mario, del Valle, Miguel, Crespo, Irene, Olmedillas, Hugo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344616
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082952
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author Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel
Piedra, José Víctor
Sánchez-Fernández, Mario
del Valle, Miguel
Crespo, Irene
Olmedillas, Hugo
author_facet Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel
Piedra, José Víctor
Sánchez-Fernández, Mario
del Valle, Miguel
Crespo, Irene
Olmedillas, Hugo
author_sort Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel
collection PubMed
description The current systematic review evaluated the effects of different pre-cooling techniques on sports performance in highly-trained athletes under high temperature conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to December 2019. Studies performing pre-cooling interventions in non-acclimatized highly-trained athletes (>55 mL/kg/min of maximal oxygen consumption) under heat conditions (≥30 °C) were included. The searched reported 26 articles. Pre-cooling techniques can be external (exposure to ice water, cold packs, or cooling clothes), internal (intake of cold water or ice), or mixed. Cooling prior to exercise concluded increases in distance covered (1.5–13.1%), mean power output (0.9–6.9%), time to exhaustion (19–31.9%), work (0.1–8.5%), and mean peak torque (10.4–22.6%), as well as reductions in completion time (0.6–6.5%). Mixed strategies followed by cold water immersion seem to be the most effective techniques, being directly related with the duration of cooling and showing the major effects in prolonged exercise protocols. The present review showed that pre-cooling methods are an effective strategy to increase sports performance in hot environments. This improvement is associated with the body surface exposed and its sensibility, as well as the time of application, obtaining the best results in prolonged physical exercise protocols.
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spelling pubmed-72156492020-05-22 A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel Piedra, José Víctor Sánchez-Fernández, Mario del Valle, Miguel Crespo, Irene Olmedillas, Hugo Int J Environ Res Public Health Review The current systematic review evaluated the effects of different pre-cooling techniques on sports performance in highly-trained athletes under high temperature conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to December 2019. Studies performing pre-cooling interventions in non-acclimatized highly-trained athletes (>55 mL/kg/min of maximal oxygen consumption) under heat conditions (≥30 °C) were included. The searched reported 26 articles. Pre-cooling techniques can be external (exposure to ice water, cold packs, or cooling clothes), internal (intake of cold water or ice), or mixed. Cooling prior to exercise concluded increases in distance covered (1.5–13.1%), mean power output (0.9–6.9%), time to exhaustion (19–31.9%), work (0.1–8.5%), and mean peak torque (10.4–22.6%), as well as reductions in completion time (0.6–6.5%). Mixed strategies followed by cold water immersion seem to be the most effective techniques, being directly related with the duration of cooling and showing the major effects in prolonged exercise protocols. The present review showed that pre-cooling methods are an effective strategy to increase sports performance in hot environments. This improvement is associated with the body surface exposed and its sensibility, as well as the time of application, obtaining the best results in prolonged physical exercise protocols. MDPI 2020-04-24 2020-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7215649/ /pubmed/32344616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082952 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel
Piedra, José Víctor
Sánchez-Fernández, Mario
del Valle, Miguel
Crespo, Irene
Olmedillas, Hugo
A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title_full A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title_fullStr A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title_full_unstemmed A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title_short A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes
title_sort matter of degrees: a systematic review of the ergogenic effect of pre-cooling in highly trained athletes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344616
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082952
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