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Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone
Thermogenesis is the production of heat that occurs in all warm-blooded animals. During cold exposure, there is obligatory thermogenesis derived from body metabolism as well as adaptive thermogenesis through shivering and non-shivering mechanisms. The latter mainly occurs in brown adipose tissue (BA...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083020 |
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author | Yau, Winifred W. Yen, Paul M. |
author_facet | Yau, Winifred W. Yen, Paul M. |
author_sort | Yau, Winifred W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thermogenesis is the production of heat that occurs in all warm-blooded animals. During cold exposure, there is obligatory thermogenesis derived from body metabolism as well as adaptive thermogenesis through shivering and non-shivering mechanisms. The latter mainly occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and muscle; however, white adipose tissue (WAT) also can undergo browning via adrenergic stimulation to acquire thermogenic potential. Thyroid hormone (TH) also exerts profound effects on thermoregulation, as decreased body temperature and increased body temperature occur during hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. We have termed the TH-mediated thermogenesis under thermoneutral conditions “activated” thermogenesis. TH acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein (Ucp1) to generate heat. TH acts centrally to activate the BAT and browning through the sympathetic nervous system. However, recent studies also show that TH acts peripherally on the BAT to directly stimulate Ucp1 expression and thermogenesis through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Additionally, THs can exert Ucp1-independent effects on thermogenesis, most likely through activation of exothermic metabolic pathways. This review summarizes thermogenic effects of THs on adipose tissues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7215895 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72158952020-05-22 Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone Yau, Winifred W. Yen, Paul M. Int J Mol Sci Review Thermogenesis is the production of heat that occurs in all warm-blooded animals. During cold exposure, there is obligatory thermogenesis derived from body metabolism as well as adaptive thermogenesis through shivering and non-shivering mechanisms. The latter mainly occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and muscle; however, white adipose tissue (WAT) also can undergo browning via adrenergic stimulation to acquire thermogenic potential. Thyroid hormone (TH) also exerts profound effects on thermoregulation, as decreased body temperature and increased body temperature occur during hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. We have termed the TH-mediated thermogenesis under thermoneutral conditions “activated” thermogenesis. TH acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein (Ucp1) to generate heat. TH acts centrally to activate the BAT and browning through the sympathetic nervous system. However, recent studies also show that TH acts peripherally on the BAT to directly stimulate Ucp1 expression and thermogenesis through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Additionally, THs can exert Ucp1-independent effects on thermogenesis, most likely through activation of exothermic metabolic pathways. This review summarizes thermogenic effects of THs on adipose tissues. MDPI 2020-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7215895/ /pubmed/32344721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083020 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yau, Winifred W. Yen, Paul M. Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title | Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title_full | Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title_fullStr | Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title_full_unstemmed | Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title_short | Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone |
title_sort | thermogenesis in adipose tissue activated by thyroid hormone |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083020 |
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