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Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the ability to measure walking gait through a variety of biomechanical outcomes (e.g., spatiotemporal, kinematics, other). Although many studies have assessed their validity and reliability, there remains no quantitive summary of this vast body of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7216606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00685-3 |
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author | Kobsar, Dylan Charlton, Jesse M. Tse, Calvin T.F. Esculier, Jean-Francois Graffos, Angelo Krowchuk, Natasha M. Thatcher, Daniel Hunt, Michael A. |
author_facet | Kobsar, Dylan Charlton, Jesse M. Tse, Calvin T.F. Esculier, Jean-Francois Graffos, Angelo Krowchuk, Natasha M. Thatcher, Daniel Hunt, Michael A. |
author_sort | Kobsar, Dylan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the ability to measure walking gait through a variety of biomechanical outcomes (e.g., spatiotemporal, kinematics, other). Although many studies have assessed their validity and reliability, there remains no quantitive summary of this vast body of literature. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the i) concurrent validity and ii) test-retest reliability of IMUs for measuring biomechanical gait outcomes during level walking in healthy adults. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched for journal articles assessing the validity or reliability of IMUs during healthy adult walking. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for studies to be included, before two reviewers examined the methodological quality of all included studies. When sufficient data were present for a given biomechanical outcome, data were meta-analyzed on Pearson correlation coefficients (r) or intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for validity and reliability, respectively. Alternatively, qualitative summaries of outcomes were conducted on those that could not be meta-analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 82 articles, assessing the validity or reliability of over 100 outcomes, were included in this review. Seventeen biomechanical outcomes, primarily spatiotemporal parameters, were meta-analyzed. The validity and reliability of step and stride times were found to be excellent. Similarly, the validity and reliability of step and stride length, as well as swing and stance time, were found to be good to excellent. Alternatively, spatiotemporal parameter variability and symmetry displayed poor to moderate validity and reliability. IMUs were also found to display moderate reliability for the assessment of local dynamic stability during walking. The remaining biomechanical outcomes were qualitatively summarized to provide a variety of recommendations for future IMU research. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review demonstrate the excellent validity and reliability of IMUs for mean spatiotemporal parameters during walking, but caution the use of spatiotemporal variability and symmetry metrics without strict protocol. Further, this work tentatively supports the use of IMUs for joint angle measurement and other biomechanical outcomes such as stability, regularity, and segmental accelerations. Unfortunately, the strength of these recommendations are limited based on the lack of high-quality studies for each outcome, with underpowered and/or unjustified sample sizes (sample size median 12; range: 2–95) being the primary limitation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7216606 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72166062020-05-18 Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis Kobsar, Dylan Charlton, Jesse M. Tse, Calvin T.F. Esculier, Jean-Francois Graffos, Angelo Krowchuk, Natasha M. Thatcher, Daniel Hunt, Michael A. J Neuroeng Rehabil Review BACKGROUND: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the ability to measure walking gait through a variety of biomechanical outcomes (e.g., spatiotemporal, kinematics, other). Although many studies have assessed their validity and reliability, there remains no quantitive summary of this vast body of literature. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the i) concurrent validity and ii) test-retest reliability of IMUs for measuring biomechanical gait outcomes during level walking in healthy adults. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched for journal articles assessing the validity or reliability of IMUs during healthy adult walking. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for studies to be included, before two reviewers examined the methodological quality of all included studies. When sufficient data were present for a given biomechanical outcome, data were meta-analyzed on Pearson correlation coefficients (r) or intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for validity and reliability, respectively. Alternatively, qualitative summaries of outcomes were conducted on those that could not be meta-analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 82 articles, assessing the validity or reliability of over 100 outcomes, were included in this review. Seventeen biomechanical outcomes, primarily spatiotemporal parameters, were meta-analyzed. The validity and reliability of step and stride times were found to be excellent. Similarly, the validity and reliability of step and stride length, as well as swing and stance time, were found to be good to excellent. Alternatively, spatiotemporal parameter variability and symmetry displayed poor to moderate validity and reliability. IMUs were also found to display moderate reliability for the assessment of local dynamic stability during walking. The remaining biomechanical outcomes were qualitatively summarized to provide a variety of recommendations for future IMU research. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review demonstrate the excellent validity and reliability of IMUs for mean spatiotemporal parameters during walking, but caution the use of spatiotemporal variability and symmetry metrics without strict protocol. Further, this work tentatively supports the use of IMUs for joint angle measurement and other biomechanical outcomes such as stability, regularity, and segmental accelerations. Unfortunately, the strength of these recommendations are limited based on the lack of high-quality studies for each outcome, with underpowered and/or unjustified sample sizes (sample size median 12; range: 2–95) being the primary limitation. BioMed Central 2020-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7216606/ /pubmed/32393301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00685-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Kobsar, Dylan Charlton, Jesse M. Tse, Calvin T.F. Esculier, Jean-Francois Graffos, Angelo Krowchuk, Natasha M. Thatcher, Daniel Hunt, Michael A. Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | validity and reliability of wearable inertial sensors in healthy adult walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7216606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00685-3 |
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