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Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample

When quantifying mechanical properties of blood samples flowing in closed fluidic circuits, blood samples are collected at specific intervals. Centrifugal separation is considered as a required procedure for preparing blood samples. However, the use of centrifuge is associated with several issues, i...

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Autores principales: Kim, Gwangho, Jeong, Sanghwa, Kang, Yang Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219585/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082284
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author Kim, Gwangho
Jeong, Sanghwa
Kang, Yang Jun
author_facet Kim, Gwangho
Jeong, Sanghwa
Kang, Yang Jun
author_sort Kim, Gwangho
collection PubMed
description When quantifying mechanical properties of blood samples flowing in closed fluidic circuits, blood samples are collected at specific intervals. Centrifugal separation is considered as a required procedure for preparing blood samples. However, the use of centrifuge is associated with several issues, including the potential for red blood cell (RBC) lysis, clotting activation, and RBC adhesions in the tube. In this study, an ultrasonic transducer is employed to separate RBCs or diluent from blood sample. The ultrasonic radiation force is much smaller than the centrifugal force acting in centrifuge, it can avoid critical issues occurring under centrifuge. Then, the RBC aggregation and blood viscosity of the blood sample are obtained using the microfluidic technique. According to the numerical results, ultrasonic transducers exhibited a maximum quality factor at an excitation frequency of 2.1 MHz. Periodic pattern of acoustic pressure fields were visualized experimentally as a column mode. The half wavelength obtained was as 0.5 λ = 0.378 ± 0.07 mm. The experimental results agreed with the analytical estimation sufficiently. An acoustic power of 2 W was selected carefully for separating RBCs or diluent from various blood samples (i.e., Hct = 20% ~ 50%; diluent: plasma, 1x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and dextran solution). The present method was employed to separate fixed blood samples which tended to stack inside the tube while using the centrifuge. Fixed RBCs were collected easily with an ultrasonic transducer. After various fixed blood samples with different base solutions (i.e., glutaraldehyde solution, 1x PBS, and dextran solution) were prepared using the present method, RBC aggregation and the viscosity of the blood sample are successfully obtained. In the near future, the present method will be integrated into ex vivo or in vitro fluidic circuit for measuring multiple mechanical properties of blood samples for a certain longer period.
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spelling pubmed-72195852020-05-22 Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample Kim, Gwangho Jeong, Sanghwa Kang, Yang Jun Sensors (Basel) Article When quantifying mechanical properties of blood samples flowing in closed fluidic circuits, blood samples are collected at specific intervals. Centrifugal separation is considered as a required procedure for preparing blood samples. However, the use of centrifuge is associated with several issues, including the potential for red blood cell (RBC) lysis, clotting activation, and RBC adhesions in the tube. In this study, an ultrasonic transducer is employed to separate RBCs or diluent from blood sample. The ultrasonic radiation force is much smaller than the centrifugal force acting in centrifuge, it can avoid critical issues occurring under centrifuge. Then, the RBC aggregation and blood viscosity of the blood sample are obtained using the microfluidic technique. According to the numerical results, ultrasonic transducers exhibited a maximum quality factor at an excitation frequency of 2.1 MHz. Periodic pattern of acoustic pressure fields were visualized experimentally as a column mode. The half wavelength obtained was as 0.5 λ = 0.378 ± 0.07 mm. The experimental results agreed with the analytical estimation sufficiently. An acoustic power of 2 W was selected carefully for separating RBCs or diluent from various blood samples (i.e., Hct = 20% ~ 50%; diluent: plasma, 1x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and dextran solution). The present method was employed to separate fixed blood samples which tended to stack inside the tube while using the centrifuge. Fixed RBCs were collected easily with an ultrasonic transducer. After various fixed blood samples with different base solutions (i.e., glutaraldehyde solution, 1x PBS, and dextran solution) were prepared using the present method, RBC aggregation and the viscosity of the blood sample are successfully obtained. In the near future, the present method will be integrated into ex vivo or in vitro fluidic circuit for measuring multiple mechanical properties of blood samples for a certain longer period. MDPI 2020-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7219585/ /pubmed/32316446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082284 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Gwangho
Jeong, Sanghwa
Kang, Yang Jun
Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title_full Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title_fullStr Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title_short Ultrasound Standing Wave-Based Cell-to-liquid Separation for Measuring Viscosity and Aggregation of Blood Sample
title_sort ultrasound standing wave-based cell-to-liquid separation for measuring viscosity and aggregation of blood sample
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219585/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082284
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