Risk of venous thromboembolism, use of enoxaparin and clinical outcomes in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery: A retrospective study

There is a lack of clear guidance for the prophylactic use of anticoagulants for patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), prophylactic use of enoxaparin and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary and revisional LAGB procedures. A retrospective study evaluated the prophylactic use of enoxaparin in adult patients who underwent primary and revisional (band and port) LAGB procedures. The incidence of VTE and major bleeding was investigated during a 90-day follow-up period. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. We included 112 and 100 patients who had undergone primary and revisional (24 band procedures and 76 port procedures) LAGB surgery, respectively. The majority of patients (97%) had a mild risk of VTE development using a post-discharge VTE risk calculator tool published from the Cleveland Clinic. All primary procedure patients received prophylactic enoxaparin, compared to 79% and 20% of revisional patients who underwent band and port procedures, respectively (P < .001). The overall VTE incidence was 0.9%, with no significant difference between patients who did or did not receive chemoprophylaxis (0.7% and 1.5%, respectively; P = .58). No major bleeding events were observed. Chemoprophylaxis may not be required in all patients undergoing low-risk LAGB surgery unless there are additional risk factors, such as the presence of super-super-morbid obesity or concomitant hormone replacement therapy. More studies are needed on the prophylactic use and dosing of enoxaparin in patients undergoing LAGB procedures to provide high-level evidence.