Controllable Two-dimensional Perovskite Crystallization via Water Additive for High-performance Solar Cells

Steering the crystallization of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite film is an important strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this paper, the deionized water (H(2)O) additive is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to prepare high-quality 2D perovskite films. The 2D perovskite film treated with 3% H(2)O shows a good surface morphology, increased crystal size, enhanced crystallinity, preferred orientation, and low defect density. The fabricated 2D PVSC with 3% H(2)O exhibits a higher PCE compared with that without H(2)O (12.15% vs 2.29%). Furthermore, the shelf stability of unsealed devices with 3% H(2)O under ambient environment is significantly improved. This work provides a simple method to prepare high-quality 2D perovskite films for efficient and stable 2D PVSCs.