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Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures

Structural DNA nanotechnology has recently gained significant momentum, as diverse design tools for producing custom DNA shapes have become more and more accessible to numerous laboratories worldwide. Most commonly, researchers are employing a scaffolded DNA origami technique by “sculpting” a desire...

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Autores principales: Piskunen, Petteri, Nummelin, Sami, Shen, Boxuan, Kostiainen, Mauri A., Linko, Veikko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7221932/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081823
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author Piskunen, Petteri
Nummelin, Sami
Shen, Boxuan
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
Linko, Veikko
author_facet Piskunen, Petteri
Nummelin, Sami
Shen, Boxuan
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
Linko, Veikko
author_sort Piskunen, Petteri
collection PubMed
description Structural DNA nanotechnology has recently gained significant momentum, as diverse design tools for producing custom DNA shapes have become more and more accessible to numerous laboratories worldwide. Most commonly, researchers are employing a scaffolded DNA origami technique by “sculpting” a desired shape from a given lattice composed of packed adjacent DNA helices. Albeit relatively straightforward to implement, this approach contains its own apparent restrictions. First, the designs are limited to certain lattice types. Second, the long scaffold strand that runs through the entire structure has to be manually routed. Third, the technique does not support trouble-free fabrication of hollow single-layer structures that may have more favorable features and properties compared to objects with closely packed helices, especially in biological research such as drug delivery. In this focused review, we discuss the recent development of wireframe DNA nanostructures—methods relying on meshing and rendering DNA—that may overcome these obstacles. In addition, we describe each available technique and the possible shapes that can be generated. Overall, the remarkable evolution in wireframe DNA structure design methods has not only induced an increase in their complexity and thus expanded the prevalent shape space, but also already reached a state at which the whole design process of a chosen shape can be carried out automatically. We believe that by combining cost-effective biotechnological mass production of DNA strands with top-down processes that decrease human input in the design procedure to minimum, this progress will lead us to a new era of DNA nanotechnology with potential applications coming increasingly into view.
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spelling pubmed-72219322020-05-22 Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures Piskunen, Petteri Nummelin, Sami Shen, Boxuan Kostiainen, Mauri A. Linko, Veikko Molecules Review Structural DNA nanotechnology has recently gained significant momentum, as diverse design tools for producing custom DNA shapes have become more and more accessible to numerous laboratories worldwide. Most commonly, researchers are employing a scaffolded DNA origami technique by “sculpting” a desired shape from a given lattice composed of packed adjacent DNA helices. Albeit relatively straightforward to implement, this approach contains its own apparent restrictions. First, the designs are limited to certain lattice types. Second, the long scaffold strand that runs through the entire structure has to be manually routed. Third, the technique does not support trouble-free fabrication of hollow single-layer structures that may have more favorable features and properties compared to objects with closely packed helices, especially in biological research such as drug delivery. In this focused review, we discuss the recent development of wireframe DNA nanostructures—methods relying on meshing and rendering DNA—that may overcome these obstacles. In addition, we describe each available technique and the possible shapes that can be generated. Overall, the remarkable evolution in wireframe DNA structure design methods has not only induced an increase in their complexity and thus expanded the prevalent shape space, but also already reached a state at which the whole design process of a chosen shape can be carried out automatically. We believe that by combining cost-effective biotechnological mass production of DNA strands with top-down processes that decrease human input in the design procedure to minimum, this progress will lead us to a new era of DNA nanotechnology with potential applications coming increasingly into view. MDPI 2020-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7221932/ /pubmed/32316126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081823 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Piskunen, Petteri
Nummelin, Sami
Shen, Boxuan
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
Linko, Veikko
Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title_full Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title_fullStr Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title_full_unstemmed Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title_short Increasing Complexity in Wireframe DNA Nanostructures
title_sort increasing complexity in wireframe dna nanostructures
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7221932/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081823
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