The Beneficial Effect of Eco-Friendly Green Nanoparticles Using Garcinia mangostana Peel Extract against Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes in Female BALB/c Mice

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Listeria monocytogenes is a resourceful foodborne pathogen triggering listeriosis. It was recently found that the bacterium caused acute and self-limiting delirious gastroenteritis in healthy individuals. In the intestinal tract, L. monocytogenes enters the mucosa directly via enterocytes. Animal models for L. monocytogenes infection have provided many insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis, and the development of new model systems has allowed the investigation of factors that influence adaptation to the gastrointestinal environment. This study investigated that the oral administration of natural products in association with silver nanoparticles could inhibit oral infection of listeria in BALB/c mice. The effect of natural products biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Garcinia mangostana peel extract were well-known as the major targets of oral listeria infection in mice. Anti-inflammatory factors are important to treat the dangers of chronic inflammation associated with chronic diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, decreased in the intestine of mice receiving Ag-NPs using Garcinia mangostana peel extract. Therefore, the current study addresses the beneficial effect of the inflammation and apoptotic signaling pathways in intestine induced by L. monocytogenes. ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrophilic bacterium, which causes widespread zoonosis in the natural environment, and mainly affects goat, sheep, and cattle herds. Recently, we predicted that it can be transmitted through food. It causes listeriosis, a severe infectious disease, which occurs with food contaminated with the pathogenic bacterium. Anti-inflammatory factors are important to treat the dangers of chronic inflammation associated with chronic diseases. Natural foodstuffs have made and are continuing to make vital contributions to the search for new antilisterial agents. The use of natural products in association with silver nanoparticles has drawn attention because of its easy, nonpathogenic, eco-friendly, and economical protocol. Hence, we aimed to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Garcinia mangostana peel extract, which was found to be a good source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their formation being confirmed by color change and stability in solution, and investigated the antilisterial activity of these nanoparticles in a murine model of L. monocytogenes infection. A total of 28 mice were divided into four groups—healthy control, infected, infected mice treated with green Ag-NPs biosynthesized with G. mangostana (5 mg/mL), and infected mice pretreated with Ag-NPs. From our results, oral treatment with Ag-NPs biosynthesized with G. mangostana peel extract resulted in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased the levels of the antiapoptotic protein, compared with the untreated mice. These results indicate that G. mangostana may provide therapeutic value against L. monocytogenes-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations, and that these effects may be related to antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities.