The Influence of Anandamide on the Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion in Ewes—Ex Vivo Study

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Mankind has been using Cannabis sativa (marijuana) for a century, but the system of endogenous cannabinoids has only been recently described. This system modulates an array of physiological and psychological functions, including reproduction. Interaction between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and the endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in this process. The presence of cannabinoid receptors in the pituitary raises a presumption that anandamide, the endogenous cannabinoid, may influence reproduction process directly in the anterior pituitary. The aim of the undertaken studies was to investigate the effect of anandamide on gonadotropins secretions from anterior pituitary explants downloaded from ewes. It was demonstrated that anandamide inhibited gonadotrophic hormones secretion from the anterior pituitary explants. This could suggest that negative effects of cannabinoids on reproductive processes could be caused by the direct action of these compounds at the pituitary level. ABSTRACT: Cannabinoids (CBs) are involved in the neuroendocrine control of reproductive processes by affecting GnRH and gonadotropins secretion. The presence of cannabinoid receptors (CBR) in the pituitary raises a presumption that anandamide (AEA), the endogenous cannabinoid, may act on gonadotrophic hormones secretion directly at the level of the anterior pituitary (AP). Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of AEA on gonadotropins secretions from AP explants taken from anestrous ewes. It was demonstrated that AEA inhibited GnRH stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the AP explants. Anandamide influences both LH and FSH gene expressions as well as their release. AEA also affected gonadoliberin receptor (GnRHR) synthesis and expression. The presence of CB1R transcript in AP explants were also demonstrated. It could be suggested that some known negative effects of cannabinoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity may be caused by the direct action of these compounds at the pituitary level.