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Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand

Globally, 3.1 billion people live in areas endemic for malaria (the tropics and subtropics). Annually, around 200 million fall ill, and around 500,000 persons die as a result of this infection. Mainly children are the victims. In order to control and eventually prevent any new infection, the develop...

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Autores principales: Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried, Sulyok, Zita, Theurer, Antje, Köhler, Carsten
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223738/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828371
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-03070-1
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author Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried
Sulyok, Zita
Theurer, Antje
Köhler, Carsten
author_facet Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried
Sulyok, Zita
Theurer, Antje
Köhler, Carsten
author_sort Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried
collection PubMed
description Globally, 3.1 billion people live in areas endemic for malaria (the tropics and subtropics). Annually, around 200 million fall ill, and around 500,000 persons die as a result of this infection. Mainly children are the victims. In order to control and eventually prevent any new infection, the development of effective vaccines is pivotal. In this review, background information about the history of vaccine development and malaria disease as well as possibilities for therapy and control is given. In the main part of the article, an update on the development of vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum is provided followed by an extensive discussion. Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by the single cell organism Plasmodium. Five different Plasmodium species can induce disease in humans with P. falciparum being the origin for more than 99% of infections in Africa. The vector is the Anopheles mosquito. The life cycle of Plasmodium offers several approaches for vaccines to have an impact. Out of around 70 candidates, pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates interfering with the liver phase of the parasite are the most developed. However, a vaccine with more than 75% efficacy, as required by the World Health Organization (WHO), is not yet in sight. Currently, for the first time, a moderately efficacious vaccine (RTS,S/AS01) is being applied in large-scale operations. But it is obvious that malaria can only be controlled in combination with concurring measures. For example, the use of impregnated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying, elimination of vector breeding sites, rapid diagnosis, and therapy of the infection as well as a functioning health system are important elements, which can hardly be guaranteed in areas characterized by poverty.
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spelling pubmed-72237382020-05-15 Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried Sulyok, Zita Theurer, Antje Köhler, Carsten Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Leitthema Globally, 3.1 billion people live in areas endemic for malaria (the tropics and subtropics). Annually, around 200 million fall ill, and around 500,000 persons die as a result of this infection. Mainly children are the victims. In order to control and eventually prevent any new infection, the development of effective vaccines is pivotal. In this review, background information about the history of vaccine development and malaria disease as well as possibilities for therapy and control is given. In the main part of the article, an update on the development of vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum is provided followed by an extensive discussion. Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by the single cell organism Plasmodium. Five different Plasmodium species can induce disease in humans with P. falciparum being the origin for more than 99% of infections in Africa. The vector is the Anopheles mosquito. The life cycle of Plasmodium offers several approaches for vaccines to have an impact. Out of around 70 candidates, pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates interfering with the liver phase of the parasite are the most developed. However, a vaccine with more than 75% efficacy, as required by the World Health Organization (WHO), is not yet in sight. Currently, for the first time, a moderately efficacious vaccine (RTS,S/AS01) is being applied in large-scale operations. But it is obvious that malaria can only be controlled in combination with concurring measures. For example, the use of impregnated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying, elimination of vector breeding sites, rapid diagnosis, and therapy of the infection as well as a functioning health system are important elements, which can hardly be guaranteed in areas characterized by poverty. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-12-11 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7223738/ /pubmed/31828371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-03070-1 Text en © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2019 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Leitthema
Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried
Sulyok, Zita
Theurer, Antje
Köhler, Carsten
Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title_full Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title_fullStr Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title_full_unstemmed Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title_short Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen Malaria – aktueller Stand
title_sort entwicklung von impfstoffen gegen malaria – aktueller stand
topic Leitthema
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223738/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828371
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-03070-1
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