Cargando…

Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis

BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a chronic zoonosis associated with significant modulation of the host immune response. A role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) in generating an immunosuppressive environme...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nono, Justin Komguep, Lutz, Manfred B., Brehm, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7225322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00798
_version_ 1783534064156803072
author Nono, Justin Komguep
Lutz, Manfred B.
Brehm, Klaus
author_facet Nono, Justin Komguep
Lutz, Manfred B.
Brehm, Klaus
author_sort Nono, Justin Komguep
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a chronic zoonosis associated with significant modulation of the host immune response. A role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) in generating an immunosuppressive environment around the metacestode during chronic disease has been reported, but the molecular mechanisms of Treg induction by E. multilocularis, particularly parasite immunoregulatory factors involved, remain elusive so far. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We herein demonstrate that excretory/secretory (E/S) products of the E. multilocularis metacestode promote the formation of Foxp3(+) Treg from CD4(+) T-cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner, given that this effect was abrogated by treatment with antibody to mammalian TGF-β. We also show that host T-cells secrete elevated levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in response to metacestode E/S products. Within the E/S fraction of the metacestode we identified an E. multilocularis activin A homolog (EmACT) that displays significant similarities to mammalian Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β/activin subfamily members. EmACT obtained from heterologous expression failed to directly induce Treg expansion from naïve T cells but required addition of recombinant host TGF-β to promote CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Treg conversion in vitro. Furthermore, like in the case of metacestode E/S products, EmACT-treated CD4(+) T-cells secreted higher levels of IL-10. These observations suggest a contribution of EmACT to in vitro expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg by the E. multilocularis metacestode. Using infection experiments we show that intraperitoneally injected metacestode tissue expands host Foxp3(+) Treg, confirming the expansion of this cell type in vivo during parasite establishment. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, we herein demonstrate that E. multilocularis larvae secrete factors that induce the secretion of IL-10 by T-cells and contribute to the expansion of TGF-b-driven Foxp3(+) Treg, a cell type that has been reported crucial for generating a tolerogenic environment to support parasite establishment and proliferation. Among the E/S factors of the parasite we identified a factor with structural and functional homologies to mammalian activin A which might play an important role in these activities.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7225322
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-72253222020-05-25 Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis Nono, Justin Komguep Lutz, Manfred B. Brehm, Klaus Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a chronic zoonosis associated with significant modulation of the host immune response. A role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) in generating an immunosuppressive environment around the metacestode during chronic disease has been reported, but the molecular mechanisms of Treg induction by E. multilocularis, particularly parasite immunoregulatory factors involved, remain elusive so far. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We herein demonstrate that excretory/secretory (E/S) products of the E. multilocularis metacestode promote the formation of Foxp3(+) Treg from CD4(+) T-cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner, given that this effect was abrogated by treatment with antibody to mammalian TGF-β. We also show that host T-cells secrete elevated levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in response to metacestode E/S products. Within the E/S fraction of the metacestode we identified an E. multilocularis activin A homolog (EmACT) that displays significant similarities to mammalian Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β/activin subfamily members. EmACT obtained from heterologous expression failed to directly induce Treg expansion from naïve T cells but required addition of recombinant host TGF-β to promote CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Treg conversion in vitro. Furthermore, like in the case of metacestode E/S products, EmACT-treated CD4(+) T-cells secreted higher levels of IL-10. These observations suggest a contribution of EmACT to in vitro expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg by the E. multilocularis metacestode. Using infection experiments we show that intraperitoneally injected metacestode tissue expands host Foxp3(+) Treg, confirming the expansion of this cell type in vivo during parasite establishment. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, we herein demonstrate that E. multilocularis larvae secrete factors that induce the secretion of IL-10 by T-cells and contribute to the expansion of TGF-b-driven Foxp3(+) Treg, a cell type that has been reported crucial for generating a tolerogenic environment to support parasite establishment and proliferation. Among the E/S factors of the parasite we identified a factor with structural and functional homologies to mammalian activin A which might play an important role in these activities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7225322/ /pubmed/32457746 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00798 Text en Copyright © 2020 Nono, Lutz and Brehm. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Nono, Justin Komguep
Lutz, Manfred B.
Brehm, Klaus
Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title_full Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title_fullStr Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title_full_unstemmed Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title_short Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis
title_sort expansion of host regulatory t cells by secreted products of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7225322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00798
work_keys_str_mv AT nonojustinkomguep expansionofhostregulatorytcellsbysecretedproductsofthetapewormechinococcusmultilocularis
AT lutzmanfredb expansionofhostregulatorytcellsbysecretedproductsofthetapewormechinococcusmultilocularis
AT brehmklaus expansionofhostregulatorytcellsbysecretedproductsofthetapewormechinococcusmultilocularis