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Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex
The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common w...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7225966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040608 |
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author | Scala, Valeria Pietricola, Chiara Farina, Valentina Beccaccioli, Marzia Zjalic, Slaven Quaranta, Fabrizio Fornara, Mauro Zaccaria, Marco Momeni, Babak Reverberi, Massimo Iori, Angela |
author_facet | Scala, Valeria Pietricola, Chiara Farina, Valentina Beccaccioli, Marzia Zjalic, Slaven Quaranta, Fabrizio Fornara, Mauro Zaccaria, Marco Momeni, Babak Reverberi, Massimo Iori, Angela |
author_sort | Scala, Valeria |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: −99%, STB: −75%) and field assays (SNB: −25%, STB: −30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation—hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7225966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72259662020-05-18 Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex Scala, Valeria Pietricola, Chiara Farina, Valentina Beccaccioli, Marzia Zjalic, Slaven Quaranta, Fabrizio Fornara, Mauro Zaccaria, Marco Momeni, Babak Reverberi, Massimo Iori, Angela Biomolecules Article The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: −99%, STB: −75%) and field assays (SNB: −25%, STB: −30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation—hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC. MDPI 2020-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7225966/ /pubmed/32295231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040608 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Scala, Valeria Pietricola, Chiara Farina, Valentina Beccaccioli, Marzia Zjalic, Slaven Quaranta, Fabrizio Fornara, Mauro Zaccaria, Marco Momeni, Babak Reverberi, Massimo Iori, Angela Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title | Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title_full | Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title_fullStr | Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title_full_unstemmed | Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title_short | Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex |
title_sort | tramesan elicits durum wheat defense against the septoria disease complex |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7225966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040608 |
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