Cargando…

Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism

Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content o...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Poitelon, Yannick, Kopec, Ashley M., Belin, Sophie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7226731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230947
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040812
_version_ 1783534348600868864
author Poitelon, Yannick
Kopec, Ashley M.
Belin, Sophie
author_facet Poitelon, Yannick
Kopec, Ashley M.
Belin, Sophie
author_sort Poitelon, Yannick
collection PubMed
description Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7226731
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-72267312020-05-18 Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism Poitelon, Yannick Kopec, Ashley M. Belin, Sophie Cells Review Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. MDPI 2020-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7226731/ /pubmed/32230947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040812 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Poitelon, Yannick
Kopec, Ashley M.
Belin, Sophie
Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title_full Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title_fullStr Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title_short Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism
title_sort myelin fat facts: an overview of lipids and fatty acid metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7226731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230947
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040812
work_keys_str_mv AT poitelonyannick myelinfatfactsanoverviewoflipidsandfattyacidmetabolism
AT kopecashleym myelinfatfactsanoverviewoflipidsandfattyacidmetabolism
AT belinsophie myelinfatfactsanoverviewoflipidsandfattyacidmetabolism