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Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained by the Hot-Injection Method
[Image: see text] In the last decade, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) has been a promising earth-abundant, nontoxic candidate material for absorption layers within thin-film solar cells. One major issue preventing this type of solar cells from achieving competitive efficiency is impurity phases and structural...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32426607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00657 |
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author | Engberg, Sara Symonowicz, Joanna Schou, Jørgen Canulescu, Stela Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø |
author_facet | Engberg, Sara Symonowicz, Joanna Schou, Jørgen Canulescu, Stela Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø |
author_sort | Engberg, Sara |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] In the last decade, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) has been a promising earth-abundant, nontoxic candidate material for absorption layers within thin-film solar cells. One major issue preventing this type of solar cells from achieving competitive efficiency is impurity phases and structural defects in the bulk of the absorber; as a four-element compound, the formation of CZTS is highly sensitive to synthesis conditions. The impurity phases and defects differ by the fabrication method, and thus experimental characterization is vital for the successful development of CZTS photovoltaics. In this work, we characterize CZTS nanoparticles obtained by the hot-injection method and a standard N(2)/S annealing procedure. Phase-pure kesterite CZTS samples in the desired compositional range were characterized by standard means, i.e., Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. However, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, we show that the as-synthesized nanoparticles consist of a mixture of the tetragonal and the fully disordered cubic sphalerite phase and transform into the tetragonal structure after heat treatment. Sn vacancies are seen in the annealed samples. X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function analysis furthermore suggests the presence of a nanostructured CZTS phase along with a bulk material. Finally, this study compares the benefits of applying synchrotron radiation instead of a standard laboratory X-ray diffraction when characterizing highly complex materials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7227042 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72270422020-05-18 Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained by the Hot-Injection Method Engberg, Sara Symonowicz, Joanna Schou, Jørgen Canulescu, Stela Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø ACS Omega [Image: see text] In the last decade, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) has been a promising earth-abundant, nontoxic candidate material for absorption layers within thin-film solar cells. One major issue preventing this type of solar cells from achieving competitive efficiency is impurity phases and structural defects in the bulk of the absorber; as a four-element compound, the formation of CZTS is highly sensitive to synthesis conditions. The impurity phases and defects differ by the fabrication method, and thus experimental characterization is vital for the successful development of CZTS photovoltaics. In this work, we characterize CZTS nanoparticles obtained by the hot-injection method and a standard N(2)/S annealing procedure. Phase-pure kesterite CZTS samples in the desired compositional range were characterized by standard means, i.e., Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. However, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, we show that the as-synthesized nanoparticles consist of a mixture of the tetragonal and the fully disordered cubic sphalerite phase and transform into the tetragonal structure after heat treatment. Sn vacancies are seen in the annealed samples. X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function analysis furthermore suggests the presence of a nanostructured CZTS phase along with a bulk material. Finally, this study compares the benefits of applying synchrotron radiation instead of a standard laboratory X-ray diffraction when characterizing highly complex materials. American Chemical Society 2020-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7227042/ /pubmed/32426607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00657 Text en Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Engberg, Sara Symonowicz, Joanna Schou, Jørgen Canulescu, Stela Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained by the Hot-Injection Method |
title | Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained
by the Hot-Injection Method |
title_full | Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained
by the Hot-Injection Method |
title_fullStr | Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained
by the Hot-Injection Method |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained
by the Hot-Injection Method |
title_short | Characterization of Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Particles Obtained
by the Hot-Injection Method |
title_sort | characterization of cu(2)znsns(4) particles obtained
by the hot-injection method |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32426607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00657 |
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