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Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction
In the advent of intelligent robotic tools for physically assisting humans, user experience, and intuitiveness in particular have become important features for control designs. However, existing works predominantly focus on performance-related measures for evaluating control systems as the subjectiv...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227379/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00114 |
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author | Endo, Satoshi Fröhner, Jakob Musić, Selma Hirche, Sandra Beckerle, Philipp |
author_facet | Endo, Satoshi Fröhner, Jakob Musić, Selma Hirche, Sandra Beckerle, Philipp |
author_sort | Endo, Satoshi |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the advent of intelligent robotic tools for physically assisting humans, user experience, and intuitiveness in particular have become important features for control designs. However, existing works predominantly focus on performance-related measures for evaluating control systems as the subjective experience of a user by large cannot be directly observed. In this study, we therefore focus on agency-related interactions between control and embodiment in the context of physical human-machine interaction. By applying an intentional binding paradigm in a virtual, machine-assisted reaching task, we evaluate how the sense of agency of able-bodied humans is modulated by assistive force characteristics of a physically coupled device. In addition to measuring how assistive force profiles influence the sense of agency with intentional binding, we analyzed the sense of agency using a questionnaire. Remarkably, our participants reported to experience stronger agency when being appropriately assisted, although they contributed less to the control task. This is substantiated by the overall consistency of intentional binding results and the self-reported sense of agency. Our results confirm the fundamental feasibility of the sense of agency to objectively evaluate the quality of human-in-the-loop control for assistive technologies. While the underlying mechanisms causing the perceptual bias observed in the intentional binding paradigm are still to be understood, we believe that this study distinctly contributes to demonstrating how the sense of agency characterizes intuitiveness of assistance in physical human-machine interaction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7227379 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72273792020-05-25 Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction Endo, Satoshi Fröhner, Jakob Musić, Selma Hirche, Sandra Beckerle, Philipp Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience In the advent of intelligent robotic tools for physically assisting humans, user experience, and intuitiveness in particular have become important features for control designs. However, existing works predominantly focus on performance-related measures for evaluating control systems as the subjective experience of a user by large cannot be directly observed. In this study, we therefore focus on agency-related interactions between control and embodiment in the context of physical human-machine interaction. By applying an intentional binding paradigm in a virtual, machine-assisted reaching task, we evaluate how the sense of agency of able-bodied humans is modulated by assistive force characteristics of a physically coupled device. In addition to measuring how assistive force profiles influence the sense of agency with intentional binding, we analyzed the sense of agency using a questionnaire. Remarkably, our participants reported to experience stronger agency when being appropriately assisted, although they contributed less to the control task. This is substantiated by the overall consistency of intentional binding results and the self-reported sense of agency. Our results confirm the fundamental feasibility of the sense of agency to objectively evaluate the quality of human-in-the-loop control for assistive technologies. While the underlying mechanisms causing the perceptual bias observed in the intentional binding paradigm are still to be understood, we believe that this study distinctly contributes to demonstrating how the sense of agency characterizes intuitiveness of assistance in physical human-machine interaction. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7227379/ /pubmed/32457587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00114 Text en Copyright © 2020 Endo, Fröhner, Musić, Hirche and Beckerle. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Human Neuroscience Endo, Satoshi Fröhner, Jakob Musić, Selma Hirche, Sandra Beckerle, Philipp Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title | Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title_full | Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title_fullStr | Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title_short | Effect of External Force on Agency in Physical Human-Machine Interaction |
title_sort | effect of external force on agency in physical human-machine interaction |
topic | Human Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227379/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00114 |
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