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Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs

BACKGROUND: Four million people living in the Indian Sundarbans region in the state of West Bengal face a particularly high risk of drowning due to rurality, presence of open water, lack of accessible health systems and poor infrastructure. Although the World Health Organization has identified sever...

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Autores principales: Gupta, M., Zwi, A. B., Jagnoor, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32414356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08868-2
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author Gupta, M.
Zwi, A. B.
Jagnoor, J.
author_facet Gupta, M.
Zwi, A. B.
Jagnoor, J.
author_sort Gupta, M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Four million people living in the Indian Sundarbans region in the state of West Bengal face a particularly high risk of drowning due to rurality, presence of open water, lack of accessible health systems and poor infrastructure. Although the World Health Organization has identified several interventions that may prevent drowning in rural low-and middle-income country contexts, none are currently implemented in this region. This study aims to conduct contextual policy analysis for the development of a drowning program. Implementation of a drowning program should consider leveraging existing structures and resources, as interventions that build on policy targets or government programs are more likely to be sustainable and scalable. METHODS: A detailed content review of national and state policy (West Bengal) was conducted to identify policy principles and/or specific government programs that may be leveraged for drowning interventions. The enablers and barriers of these programs as well as their implementation reach were assessed through a systematic literature review. Identified policies and programs were also assessed to understand how they catered for underserved groups and their implications for equity. RESULTS: Three programs were identified that may be leveraged for the implementation of drowning interventions such as supervised childcare, provision of home-based barriers, swim and rescue skills training and community first responder training: the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), Self-Help Group (SHG) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programs. All three had high coverage in West Bengal and considered underserved groups such as women and rural populations. Possible barriers to using these programs were poor government monitoring, inadequate resource provision and overburdening of community-based workers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic analysis of both policy content and execution of government programs to provide comprehensive insights into possible implementation strategies for a health intervention, in this case drowning. Programs targeting specific health outcomes should consider interventions outside of the health sector that address social determinants of health. This may enable the program to better align with relevant government agendas and increase sustainability.
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spelling pubmed-72296182020-05-27 Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs Gupta, M. Zwi, A. B. Jagnoor, J. BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Four million people living in the Indian Sundarbans region in the state of West Bengal face a particularly high risk of drowning due to rurality, presence of open water, lack of accessible health systems and poor infrastructure. Although the World Health Organization has identified several interventions that may prevent drowning in rural low-and middle-income country contexts, none are currently implemented in this region. This study aims to conduct contextual policy analysis for the development of a drowning program. Implementation of a drowning program should consider leveraging existing structures and resources, as interventions that build on policy targets or government programs are more likely to be sustainable and scalable. METHODS: A detailed content review of national and state policy (West Bengal) was conducted to identify policy principles and/or specific government programs that may be leveraged for drowning interventions. The enablers and barriers of these programs as well as their implementation reach were assessed through a systematic literature review. Identified policies and programs were also assessed to understand how they catered for underserved groups and their implications for equity. RESULTS: Three programs were identified that may be leveraged for the implementation of drowning interventions such as supervised childcare, provision of home-based barriers, swim and rescue skills training and community first responder training: the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), Self-Help Group (SHG) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programs. All three had high coverage in West Bengal and considered underserved groups such as women and rural populations. Possible barriers to using these programs were poor government monitoring, inadequate resource provision and overburdening of community-based workers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic analysis of both policy content and execution of government programs to provide comprehensive insights into possible implementation strategies for a health intervention, in this case drowning. Programs targeting specific health outcomes should consider interventions outside of the health sector that address social determinants of health. This may enable the program to better align with relevant government agendas and increase sustainability. BioMed Central 2020-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7229618/ /pubmed/32414356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08868-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gupta, M.
Zwi, A. B.
Jagnoor, J.
Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title_full Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title_fullStr Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title_full_unstemmed Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title_short Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
title_sort opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in west bengal, india: a review of policy and government programs
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32414356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08868-2
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