The bioavailability of iron picolinate is comparable to iron sulfate when fortified into a complementary fruit yogurt: a stable iron isotope study in young women

PURPOSE: A technological gap exists for the iron (Fe) fortification of difficult-to-fortify products, such as wet and acid food products containing polyphenols, with stable and bioavailable Fe. Fe picolinate, a novel food ingredient, was found to be stable over time in this type of matrix. The objective of this study was to measure the Fe bioavailability of Fe picolinate in a complementary fruit yogurt. METHODS: The bioavailability of Fe picolinate was determined using stable iron isotopes in a double blind, randomized cross-over design in non-anemic Swiss women (n = 19; 25.1 ± 4.6 years). Fractional Fe absorption was measured from Fe picolinate (2.5 mg (57)Fe per serving in two servings given morning and afternoon) and from Fe sulfate (2.5 mg (54)Fe per serving in two servings given morning and afternoon) in a fortified dairy complementary food (i.e. yogurt containing fruits). Fe absorption was determined based on erythrocyte incorporation of isotopic labels 14 days after consumption of the last test meal. RESULTS: Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption from Fe picolinate and Fe sulfate were not significantly different: 5.2% (3.8–7.2%) and 5.3% (3.8–7.3%) (N.S.), respectively. Relative bioavailability of Fe picolinate versus Fe sulfate was 0.99 (0.85–1.15). CONCLUSION: Therefore, Fe picolinate is a promising compound for the fortification of difficult-to-fortify foods, to help meet Fe requirements of infants, young children and women of childbearing age.