Induction of Terminal Oxidases of Electron Transport Chain in Broccoli Heads under Controlled Atmosphere Storage

Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, that is, at low O(2) and high CO(2) concentrations, effectively extends the shelf life of horticultural products. The influence of CA storage (O(2)/CO(2): 2.5%/6.0% or 2.5%/0.0%) and in normal air (both at 1 °C for 21 d) on the physicochemical (O(2) uptake, mass loss and L-ascorbate) and biological properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica, Plenck, 1794) via amounts and activities of terminal oxidases of the electron transport chain was investigated. Mass loss, a sensitive index of freshness for broccoli heads under CA, was significantly lower under CA than under normoxia (p < 0.05). Mass loss was depressed 7 d earlier under CA, including 6.0% CO(2) than under CA without CO(2). High CO(2) effectively depressed the degradation of L-ascorbate. During storage, the activity of the alternative oxidase (AOX) was lower under CA than in normal air (p < 0.05), while the amount of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and the AOX/COX activity ratio (based on oxygen isotope discrimination), were not affected during storage. Our results indicate that CA storage effectively retained the freshness of broccoli heads by depressing the induction of AOX. However, depression of AOX amount was not associated with CO(2) around broccoli heads.