Concomitant TP53 Mutation Confers Worse Prognosis in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with TKIs

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutated patients usually benefit from TKIs treatment, but a significant portion show unresponsiveness due to primary resistance mechanisms. We investigated the role of TP53 mutations in predicting survival and response to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients, to confirm, on an independent case series, our previous results. Methods: An independent retrospective cohort study was conducted, on a case series of 136 EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients receiving first or second generation TKIs as a first line therapy, and a smaller fraction of patients who acquired the T790M resistance mutation and were treated with third generation TKIs in the second or further line of treatment. TP53 mutations were evaluated in relation to disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients. Results: Forty-two patients (30.9%) showed a TP53 mutation. Considered together, TP53 mutations had no significant impact on time-to-event endpoints. Considering the different TP53 mutations separately, exon 8 mutations confirmed their negative effect on PFS (HR 3.16, 95% 1.59–6.28, p = 0.001). In patients who developed the T790M resistance mutation, treated with third generation TKIs, the TP53 exon 8 mutations predicted worse PFS (even though not statistically significant), and OS (HR 4.86, 95% CI: 1.25–18.90, p = 0.023). Conclusions: TP53 exon 8 mutations confirmed their negative prognostic impact in patients treated with first and second generation TKIs and demonstrated a role in affecting clinical outcome in patients treated with third generation TKIs.