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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas

Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic res...

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Autores principales: Garwolińska, Dorota, Hewelt-Belka, Weronika, Kot-Wasik, Agata, Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040921
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author Garwolińska, Dorota
Hewelt-Belka, Weronika
Kot-Wasik, Agata
Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer
author_facet Garwolińska, Dorota
Hewelt-Belka, Weronika
Kot-Wasik, Agata
Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer
author_sort Garwolińska, Dorota
collection PubMed
description Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM itself (between individual mothers and lactation period). Several metabolites were found exclusively in HBM and FM. Statistically significant higher levels of isoleucine and methionine in their free form were detected in FM samples based on caprine milk, while FM samples based on bovine milk showed a higher level of glucose and galactose in comparison to HBM. The results suggest that the amelioration of FM formulation is imperative to better mimic the composition of minor nutrients in HBM.
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spelling pubmed-72306152020-05-22 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas Garwolińska, Dorota Hewelt-Belka, Weronika Kot-Wasik, Agata Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer Nutrients Article Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM itself (between individual mothers and lactation period). Several metabolites were found exclusively in HBM and FM. Statistically significant higher levels of isoleucine and methionine in their free form were detected in FM samples based on caprine milk, while FM samples based on bovine milk showed a higher level of glucose and galactose in comparison to HBM. The results suggest that the amelioration of FM formulation is imperative to better mimic the composition of minor nutrients in HBM. MDPI 2020-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7230615/ /pubmed/32230787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040921 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Garwolińska, Dorota
Hewelt-Belka, Weronika
Kot-Wasik, Agata
Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title_full Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title_fullStr Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title_full_unstemmed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title_short Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
title_sort nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics reveals qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of human breast milk and milk formulas
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040921
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