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Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption

Background and Objectives: Risk factors for neonatal/maternal morbidity and mortality in placental abruption have been incompletely studied in the current literature. Most of the research overlooked the African American population as mostly Caucasian populations are selected. We aimed to find which...

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Autores principales: Elkafrawi, Deena, Sisti, Giovanni, Araji, Sarah, Khoury, Aldo, Miller, Jacob, Rodriguez Echevarria, Brian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295061
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040174
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author Elkafrawi, Deena
Sisti, Giovanni
Araji, Sarah
Khoury, Aldo
Miller, Jacob
Rodriguez Echevarria, Brian
author_facet Elkafrawi, Deena
Sisti, Giovanni
Araji, Sarah
Khoury, Aldo
Miller, Jacob
Rodriguez Echevarria, Brian
author_sort Elkafrawi, Deena
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Risk factors for neonatal/maternal morbidity and mortality in placental abruption have been incompletely studied in the current literature. Most of the research overlooked the African American population as mostly Caucasian populations are selected. We aimed to find which risk factor influence the neonatal and maternal outcome in cases of placental abruption occurring in African American pregnant women in an inner-city urban setting. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, NJ United States of America (USA), between 1986 and 1996. Inclusion criteria were African American race, singleton pregnancy with gestational age over 20 weeks and placental abruption. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age at delivery/occurrence of placental abruption and mode of delivery were collected. Risk factors for placental abruption such as placenta previa, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cigarette smoking, crack/cocaine and alcohol use, mechanical trauma, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were recorded. Poor neonatal outcome was considered when anyone of the following occurred: 1st and 5th minute Apgar score lower than 7, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), perinatal death, and neonatal arterial umbilical cord pH less than 7.15. Poor maternal outcome was considered if any of the following presented at delivery: hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hysterectomy, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and maternal death. Results: A population of 271 singleton African American pregnant women was included in the study. Lower gestational age at delivery and cesarean section were statistically significantly correlated with poor neonatal outcomes (p = 0.018; p < 0.001; p = 0.015) in the univariate analysis; only lower gestational age at delivery remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p = < 0.001). Crack/cocaine use was statistically significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (p = 0.033) in the univariate analysis, while in the multivariate analysis, hemolysis, elevated enzymes, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, crack/cocaine use and previous cesarean section resulted significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (p = 0.029, p = 0.017, p = 0.015, p = 0.047). PROM was associated with better neonatal outcome in the univariate analysis, and preeclampsia was associated with a better maternal outcome in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Lower gestational age at delivery is the most important risk factor for poor neonatal outcome in African American women with placental abruption. Poor maternal outcome correlated with HELLP syndrome, crack/cocaine use and previous cesarean section. More research in this understudied population is needed to establish reliable risk factors and coordinate preventive interventions.
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spelling pubmed-72307722020-05-22 Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption Elkafrawi, Deena Sisti, Giovanni Araji, Sarah Khoury, Aldo Miller, Jacob Rodriguez Echevarria, Brian Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Risk factors for neonatal/maternal morbidity and mortality in placental abruption have been incompletely studied in the current literature. Most of the research overlooked the African American population as mostly Caucasian populations are selected. We aimed to find which risk factor influence the neonatal and maternal outcome in cases of placental abruption occurring in African American pregnant women in an inner-city urban setting. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, NJ United States of America (USA), between 1986 and 1996. Inclusion criteria were African American race, singleton pregnancy with gestational age over 20 weeks and placental abruption. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age at delivery/occurrence of placental abruption and mode of delivery were collected. Risk factors for placental abruption such as placenta previa, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cigarette smoking, crack/cocaine and alcohol use, mechanical trauma, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were recorded. Poor neonatal outcome was considered when anyone of the following occurred: 1st and 5th minute Apgar score lower than 7, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), perinatal death, and neonatal arterial umbilical cord pH less than 7.15. Poor maternal outcome was considered if any of the following presented at delivery: hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hysterectomy, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and maternal death. Results: A population of 271 singleton African American pregnant women was included in the study. Lower gestational age at delivery and cesarean section were statistically significantly correlated with poor neonatal outcomes (p = 0.018; p < 0.001; p = 0.015) in the univariate analysis; only lower gestational age at delivery remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p = < 0.001). Crack/cocaine use was statistically significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (p = 0.033) in the univariate analysis, while in the multivariate analysis, hemolysis, elevated enzymes, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, crack/cocaine use and previous cesarean section resulted significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (p = 0.029, p = 0.017, p = 0.015, p = 0.047). PROM was associated with better neonatal outcome in the univariate analysis, and preeclampsia was associated with a better maternal outcome in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Lower gestational age at delivery is the most important risk factor for poor neonatal outcome in African American women with placental abruption. Poor maternal outcome correlated with HELLP syndrome, crack/cocaine use and previous cesarean section. More research in this understudied population is needed to establish reliable risk factors and coordinate preventive interventions. MDPI 2020-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7230772/ /pubmed/32295061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040174 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Elkafrawi, Deena
Sisti, Giovanni
Araji, Sarah
Khoury, Aldo
Miller, Jacob
Rodriguez Echevarria, Brian
Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title_full Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title_fullStr Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title_short Risk Factors for Neonatal/Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in African American Women with Placental Abruption
title_sort risk factors for neonatal/maternal morbidity and mortality in african american women with placental abruption
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295061
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040174
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